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Big news from Ukraine: A game-changer has emerged...




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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.





 Big news from Ukraine: A game-changer has emerged.=20

Despite having earlier appreciated Vision as a brother and seen him as a=20
separate entity, Wonder Man now refuses to allow his brain patterns to prov=
ide=20
the basis for Vision's personality again and allow him to recover his emoti=
ons,=20
arguing that this was done without his consent before and he resents it as =
an=20
act that "ripped out" a part of his soul. Privately, Wonder Man also admits=
 he=20
has feelings for Wanda and now selfishly does not want to help Vision reuni=
te=20
with his wife.[36] Wanda's efforts to find help elsewhere lead to her being=
=20
mind controlled by a parasitic force called That Which Endures, causing her=
 to=20
temporarily become a villain and act against the Avengers. Following this, =
Hank=20
Pym concludes that Vision could not possibly be the original Human Torch (a=
=20
conclusion later revealed to be the influence of Immortus again). Investiga=
ting=20
the matter, the Avengers discover the other Human Torch android that Ultron=
 had=20
left behind. Wanda's hex magic reactivates it and Vision meets the android=
=20
Torch, in some ways, his brother.[37] Wanda is traumatized by her husband n=
o=20
longer being able to love her or reciprocate her love, and is further unner=
ved=20
to learn that what she knew of his origins might be a lie. She then learns =
that=20
her children Thomas and Billy are evidently not real but rather magical=20
constructs she herself created due to a "hysterical pregnancy" and an=20
unexplained increase in her magical abilities. The demon lord Mephisto=20
seemingly wipes the children from existence.[38] Wanda also loses her memor=
y of=20
the children's existence. Immediately afterward, Wanda once again falls und=
er=20
mind control during Atlantis Attacks. Though she regains control, the stres=
s of=20
the last few weeks causes her to become nonverbal and unresponsive. At this=
=20
point, Simon at last offers his brain patterns to restore Vision's emotions=
.=20
The android declines, saying he is now a different entity than the one who=
=20
existed before being dismantled, and getting these brain waves would not=20
restore the original Vision back but would only create a copy programmed to=
=20
mimic him. Unable to emotionally comfort Wanda and believing he would be mo=
re=20
useful to the main Avengers East team, Vision leaves Avengers West.[39] It =
is=20
later confirmed that the two annul their marriage after Wanda recovers, as=
=20
Vision considers that he is a separate entity from her husband, who "died" =
when=20
he was dismantled. While Vision works with Avengers East, Wanda regains the=
=20
memory of her children during a battle with Immortus, who was responsible f=
or=20
manipulating recent events in her life and increasing her power. Glad to=20
remember her twins even if they are gone, Wanda spends some time learning t=
o=20
cope with the loss.[40] Vision restored Vision begins to suffer mental stre=
ss=20
and curiosity, realizing he wishes a purpose in life beyond the Avengers. H=
e=20
seeks out help from scientist Miles Lipton, an expert in artificial=20
intelligence and philosophies regarding consciousness. Lipton upgrades Visi=
on=20
with a holographic projector so he can disguise himself as a human, "Victor=
=20
Shade", and mingle with humanity to learn more about them. When Vision=20
continues to show mental stress, Lipton learns the android's mind requires =
a=20
replicated human brain pattern for his operating system to properly functio=
n.=20
Miles Lipton uploads a program based on the brain patterns and memory=20
recordings of his deceased son, scientist Alex Lipton. As a result, Vision'=
s=20
mental strain is alleviated and he regains some understanding of emotion, a=
s=20
well as a greater capacity for empathy.[41] The Avengers fight a group of=
=20
enemies called the Gatherers, one of whom is an overtly emotional and corru=
pt=20
Vision who still has red-colored skin and is native to a parallel Earth. Th=
is=20
other Vision (later called "Anti-Vision") infiltrates the Avengers by=20
exchanging minds with the heroic Vision.[10] While the Anti-Vision operates=
=20
with the Avengers, now housed in the chalk-white body, the heroic Vision=20
awakens in a red-skinned body identical to his original form, now a prisone=
r of=20
the Gatherers. Eventually, he is freed but Anti-Vision escapes before they =
can=20
exchange minds again.[11] Soon after having his original appearance restore=
d,=20
Vision experiences nightmares and then suffers a temporary break from reali=
ty,=20
convincing himself he is a 1930s movie style private detective named Simon=
=20
Williams. He realizes Ultron's design included a back-up of Wonder Man's br=
ain=20
patterns, a back-up which is now activating and clashing with those of Alex=
=20
Lipton. After defeating the Anti-Vision, who was responsible for his=20
nightmares, Vision is able to reassert his identity and the different aspec=
ts=20
of his mind merge, restoring his original personality. Vision takes a leave=
 of=20
absence from the Avengers to properly adjust.[12] Returning to the Avengers=
=20
team later, he approaches Wanda, who realizes that he his capacity for emot=
ions=20
has been restored. When Vision broaches the subject, Wanda becomes guarded =
and=20
tells him that their relationship is in the past.[42] Vision decides not to=
=20
explain to her he has also regained the emotions tied to his memories from=
=20
before he was dismantled, deciding he has hurt Wanda enough. When Wanda lat=
er=20
officially rejoins the main Avengers team, the two are tense around each ot=
her=20
but Pietro Maximoff, having also returned and now regretful of his treatmen=
t of=20
Vision in the past, attempts to reconnect them as friends. Vision is presen=
t=20
when the Fantastic Four and the Avengers attempt to stop the powerful villa=
in=20
Onslaught. During the battle, he is seriously injured and instinctively ask=
s=20
for Wanda, hoping she will comfort him. Soon afterward, Vision joins Wanda,=
 the=20
other Avengers present, and the Fantastic Four in destroying Onslaught by=
=20
sacrificing their lives.[43] Thanks to the intervention of the powerful=20
superhuman child Franklin Richards, the heroes do not die but are sent to a=
n=20
alternate Earth where they live out new versions of their lives. In this He=
roes=20
Reborn reality, Vision is a purely robotic android. Months after their appa=
rent=20
death, these heroes are able to return to their original Earth. Heroes Retu=
rn:=20
Avengers After returning home, the Avengers discuss reforming only to then =
wind=20
up in a battle with the sorceress Morgan Le Fay. The battle is won, but Vis=
ion=20
suffers injuries that take weeks to repair, forcing him again to communicat=
e by=20
hologram. During this time, Wanda repeatedly checks on Vision. Vision, stil=
l=20
afraid to hurt Wanda again, insists that although he has a true personality=
=20
again, he is still a different person than the one she married. Conflicted=
=20
about her feelings for Vision and his seemingly cold and harsh attitude tow=
ard=20
her, Wanda finds comforts with Wonder Man and later concludes she has had=
=20
feelings for him for some time but was still mourning her marriage. The two=
=20
begin a relationship.[44] Soon afterward, Vision's body is restored and he=
=20
rejoins as a fully active Avenger. Later on, Wanda realizes Vision lied abo=
ut=20
still thinking of himself as a new person and has regained the full emotion=
al=20
connections to his memories before he was dismantled, including their=20
relationship.[45] Sympathetic that Vision misses her, Wanda remains firm ab=
out=20
leaving their relationship in the past and continuing her romance with Simo=
n,=20
adding that a reunion may have been possible earlier if her former husband =
had=20
not chosen to lie and close himself off.[46] Later, she has a copy of her o=
wn=20
brain patterns made and gifts it to Vision, suggesting that one day if he=
=20
wishes he can create a friend or love interest who is similar to her and=20
understands him but is not an exact copy of her, just as he and Wonder Man =
are=20
similar but not exact copies of each other.[47] After a battle with Ultron,=
[48]=20
Vision admits he has been suffering from depression and insecurity. He once=
=20
believed his attraction to Wanda was his own experience, free of Simon's=20
influence and proof he was a person who could love. But Simon's attraction =
to=20
Wanda and their relationship seems to confirm, in his mind, that his androi=
d=20
personality only mimics what Wonder Man would do in the same situation. Won=
der=20
Man points out that Ultron recently confirmed Vision's brain patterns have=
=20
evolved into a unique pattern due to experiences and emotional changes Simo=
n=20
Williams never had. Wonder Man also admits Vision is the man he wished he c=
ould=20
be, a person who had his inclinations and basic emotions but none of the=20
memories of his many personal defeats and shames in life, someone free of=
=20
Simon's emotional baggage who is able to grow into a different, better pers=
on.=20
Touched by these words and Simon's view, Vision decides he needs space to=
=20
consider his situation. He takes a leave of absence from the Avengers,=20
eventually settling in Chicago where he lives as Victor Shade. During a rec=
ent=20
meeting, President Zelensky discussed specialized AI for military support.=
=20
 <https://www.bropom.com/TM0422/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/BTUA46>=20
Discover this game-changing development now!=20
<https://www.bropom.com/TM0422/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/BTUA46>=20


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.



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Q07WodCMalj_e7HsIqpvwNNK8jfhTPNwW0tMEmVhgRRJ>






 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.=20
------=_Part_9424664_351879800.1708199238811
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e.png" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; borde=
r: 0; width: 100%;" width=3D"600"></a></div></div></td></tr></table></td></=
tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-3" ali=
gn=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace:=
 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table =
class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
 cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; m=
so-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-rad=
ius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=
=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400=
; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: =
top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" ali=
gn=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100=
%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;">=
<tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Hel=
vetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><di=
v style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0=
px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0=
; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography for Avatar began in Apr=
il 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybr=
id with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-generated cha=
racters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the audience =
has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The director indicated=
 that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for the film=
.[66] The live action was shot with a modified version of the proprietary d=
igital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] I=
n January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would be done=
 at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion that a 3-D film r=
equires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable.[68] According t=
o Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements and 40% =
live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photogra=
phy lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angel=
es.[54][70] Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone Street S=
tudios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days.[71] More than a tho=
usand people worked on the production.[70] In preparation of the filming se=
quences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific to thei=
r characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and hand-to-ha=
nd combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na'vi languag=
e created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film, Cameron also sent the=
 cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainfore=
st setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron m=
ade use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture=
 filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in their dig=
ital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct =
scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, "It's like a =
big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change my per=
spective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature and go =
through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventional techniques, the comp=
lete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the actors is=
 complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or importa=
nce of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeated camer=
a and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scenes do no=
t need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the system as a =
"form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountain or th=
e sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the element=
s".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson a =
chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to think of =
it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture brings the=
 director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only know wh=
en they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas were al=
so able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] To=
 film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera refer=
red to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the =
virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the sim=
ulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scr=
atch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality =
and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to instru=
ct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due t=
o Cameron's personal convictions about climate change, he allowed only plan=
t-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div></td></tr> </table></=
td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-4=
" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-ls=
pace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"><tbody style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" bo=
rder=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; backg=
round-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: 600px; margin=
: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1"=
 width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-t=
able-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; pa=
dding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border=
-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"=
html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-l=
space: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td c=
lass=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-alig=
n: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display:=
 none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height=
: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">A number of i=
nnovative visual effects techniques were used during production. According =
to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to allow the =
techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequately portr=
ay his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of phot=
orealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capture =
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive =
areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six tim=
es larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing fac=
ial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face cap=
turing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera =
positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about t=
heir facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] Acco=
rding to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the =
actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides th=
e performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers=
, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of ea=
ch performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the=
 film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in huma=
n form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected=
 light between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital i=
n Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Be=
cause of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and a=
vailable for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new=
 cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was c=
reated by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep =
track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render=
 Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 =
Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of R=
AM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid E=
ngine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar'=
s RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The=
 render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the wo=
rld's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software syst=
em, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91]=
[92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora require=
d over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final foot=
age for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take=
 the computer several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To he=
lp finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of othe=
r companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, whic=
h worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was res=
ponsible for the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles=
 and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film=
's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article=
: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters=
 His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the score of the 2009 film Av=
atar. Problems playing this file? See media help. Composer James Horner sco=
red the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and Titanic=
.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singing in the=
 alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also worked with Wanda Bryant, =
an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race.[100] Th=
e first scoring sessions were planned to take place in early 2009.[101] Dur=
ing production, Horner promised Cameron that he would not work on any other=
 project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the score from four in =
the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stated in an inte=
rview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on and the bi=
ggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two differe=
nt scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected the Na'v=
i way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score to =
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
 song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, direct=
ed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace. </div></div></td>=
</tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0=
" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; word-break: bre=
ak-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 2px; padding-rig=
ht: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fami=
ly: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif; mso-=
line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7da496; line-height: 1.2;"><=
p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0; text-al=
ign: center; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px;">At times, our affi=
liate partners reach out to the Editors at&nbsp;<strong style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;">Smart People Mail</strong>&nbsp;with special opportunities f=
or our readers. The message below is one we think you should take a close, =
serious look at.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"divider_b=
lock block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace:=
 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=
=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left=
: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignment" alig=
n=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" cellpadd=
ing=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border-top: 1px solid #000=
;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr></table>=
</div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table=
><table class=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center"=
 border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; bac=
kground-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0=
 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" wi=
dth=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-tabl=
e-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; borde=
r-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left=
" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica N=
eue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; ove=
rflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-=
height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of s=
elf-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Camero=
n said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I read as a k=
id" and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Ca=
rter series.[11] He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films A=
t Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke=
, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances=
 with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture h=
e was initially fighting against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's =
anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of P=
andora.[106] In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration that intend=
ed to "describe in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, storyline=
s, and images that came to be Avatar."[107] In addition to historical event=
s (such as European colonization of the Americas), his life experiences and=
 several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections between Avata=
r and his previous films. He cited his script and concept art for Xenogenes=
is, partially produced as a short film, as being the basis for many of the =
ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar's "concepts of a =
world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of projecting force or con=
sciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy corporate=
 interests backed up by military force, the story of a seemingly weaker gro=
up prevailing over a technologically superior force, and the good scientist=
 were all established and recurrent themes" from his earlier films includin=
g Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator and Termina=
tor 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentacle" in The =
Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of...an al=
ien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108] =
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite=
" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution afte=
r meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounte=
rs and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group=
 to fight other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concep=
t of a human operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from Georg=
e Henry Smith's short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel =
The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading =
the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net b=
y Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solari=
s by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about people inte=
racting with "indigenous cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with =
Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicin=
e Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John=
 Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stor=
ies by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with =
Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Avatar, to w=
hich he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a fle=
sh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology in the f=
uture is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remotely locate=
d body, a biological body."[10] Cameron also cited the Japanese cyberpunk m=
anga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remotely cont=
rol, and transfer their personalities into, alien bodies.[109][110] For the=
 love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-cro=
ssed love theme, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and Juliet.[10=
8] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his =
film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come from radically diff=
erent cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are forced t=
o choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron described N=
eytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed the historica=
l story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's daughter,=
 who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with nature."=
[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love story woul=
d be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attractivenes=
s of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by considering her app=
eal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Cameron felt Jake and Ne=
ytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthington and Sal=
dana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two actors "had a great che=
mistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle of a forest. Pan=
dora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by the Chinese=
 Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Park For =
the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspiration =
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone for=
mations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the fi=
ctional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow Mou=
ntain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron ha=
d noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating mo=
untains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pandora=
, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform =
in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and fil=
med every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=
 photorealistic CGI during post-production. </div></div></td></tr></table><=
/td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-=
6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-l=
space: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><t=
r style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; bord=
er-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgc=
olor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight:=
 400; text-align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: =
0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valig=
n=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><d=
iv style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helve=
tica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hid=
den; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0;=
 margin: 0;">The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[1=
24] and Empire released exclusive images from the film in its October issue=
.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourn=
ey Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Di=
ego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] =
in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promo=
te the film, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. Jam=
es Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be '=
Avatar Day'. On this day, the trailer was released in all theatrical format=
s. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were also unveiled on=
 this day.[131] The 129-second trailer was released online on August 20, 20=
09.[132] The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters on October 23=
, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to =
positive reviews.[133][134] An extended version in IMAX 3D received overwhe=
lmingly positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Reporter said that audience ex=
pectations were colored by "the [same] establishment skepticism that preced=
ed Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for original sto=
rytelling.[135] The teaser has been among the most viewed trailers in the h=
istory of film marketing, reaching the first place of all trailers viewed o=
n Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On October 30, to celebrate the open=
ing of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to scre=
en exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.[137] The three-and-=
a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1, 2009, durin=
g a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on=
 the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest video displays, and =
to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the largest live =
motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-Cola Company colla=
borated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to promote the fi=
lm. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Specially marke=
d bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a webcam, enabl=
ed users to interact with the website's 3-D features using augmented realit=
y (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an episode of the =
Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Season 5, Episod=
e 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the program, and=
 is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the film.[140] A =
week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the film on Adult =
Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141] McDonald's h=
ad a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe called "Avatar=
ize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up by Oddca=
st, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Books A=
vatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandor=
a, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional set=
ting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on Nove=
mber 24, 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by t=
he humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Di=
rk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's=
 Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was re=
leased on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed pr=
oduction artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustration=
s by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the forew=
ord, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the prefa=
ce.[145] In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, =
a 272-page book that detailed the film's production process and contains ov=
er 500 color photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Camer=
on said that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film w=
as released.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron=
 plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story o=
f the movie, but it would go into much more depth about all the stories tha=
t we didn't have time to deal with", saying that "Jim wants to write a nove=
l that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things".[148] In August =
2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen four standalon=
e novels to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance Post released a special l=
imited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide =
release. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr>=
</tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" =
border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tb=
ody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" a=
lign=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pr=
esentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table=
-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 6=
00px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"colu=
mn column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspa=
ce: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bot=
tom: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-righ=
t: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><tab=
le class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-seri=
f; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D=
"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; borde=
r-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <table border=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" cellpaddi=
ng=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0; max-wi=
dth: 600px; width: 100%; background-color: #ffffff;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 0; marg=
in-right: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-left: 20px; padding-r=
ight: 20px; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px;"> <table border=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; =
padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; borde=
r-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 100%;"> <tr style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 0=
; padding-bottom: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; color: #000000; fon=
t-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-wei=
ght: 400; line-height: 1.5;"> <span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; paddin=
g: 0; margin: 0; font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, =
sans-serif; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.5; color: #000000;"> Big new=
s from Ukraine: A game-changer has emerged. <br style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso=
-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin:=
 0;">Despite having earlier appreciated Vision as a brother and seen him as=
 a separate entity, Wonder Man now refuses to allow his brain patterns to p=
rovide the basis for Vision's personality again and allow him to recover hi=
s emotions, arguing that this was done without his consent before and he re=
sents it as an act that "ripped out" a part of his soul. Privately, Wonder =
Man also admits he has feelings for Wanda and now selfishly does not want t=
o help Vision reunite with his wife.[36] Wanda's efforts to find help elsew=
here lead to her being mind controlled by a parasitic force called That Whi=
ch Endures, causing her to temporarily become a villain and act against the=
 Avengers. Following this, Hank Pym concludes that Vision could not possibl=
y be the original Human Torch (a conclusion later revealed to be the influe=
nce of Immortus again). Investigating the matter, the Avengers discover the=
 other Human Torch android that Ultron had left behind. Wanda's hex magic r=
eactivates it and Vision meets the android Torch, in some ways, his brother=
.[37] Wanda is traumatized by her husband no longer being able to love her =
or reciprocate her love, and is further unnerved to learn that what she kne=
w of his origins might be a lie. She then learns that her children Thomas a=
nd Billy are evidently not real but rather magical constructs she herself c=
reated due to a "hysterical pregnancy" and an unexplained increase in her m=
agical abilities. The demon lord Mephisto seemingly wipes the children from=
 existence.[38] Wanda also loses her memory of the children's existence. Im=
mediately afterward, Wanda once again falls under mind control during Atlan=
tis Attacks. Though she regains control, the stress of the last few weeks c=
auses her to become nonverbal and unresponsive. At this point, Simon at las=
t offers his brain patterns to restore Vision's emotions. The android decli=
nes, saying he is now a different entity than the one who existed before be=
ing dismantled, and getting these brain waves would not restore the origina=
l Vision back but would only create a copy programmed to mimic him. Unable =
to emotionally comfort Wanda and believing he would be more useful to the m=
ain Avengers East team, Vision leaves Avengers West.[39] It is later confir=
med that the two annul their marriage after Wanda recovers, as Vision consi=
ders that he is a separate entity from her husband, who "died" when he was =
dismantled. While Vision works with Avengers East, Wanda regains the memory=
 of her children during a battle with Immortus, who was responsible for man=
ipulating recent events in her life and increasing her power. Glad to remem=
ber her twins even if they are gone, Wanda spends some time learning to cop=
e with the loss.[40] Vision restored Vision begins to suffer mental stress =
and curiosity, realizing he wishes a purpose in life beyond the Avengers. H=
e seeks out help from scientist Miles Lipton, an expert in artificial intel=
ligence and philosophies regarding consciousness. Lipton upgrades Vision wi=
th a holographic projector so he can disguise himself as a human, "Victor S=
hade", and mingle with humanity to learn more about them. When Vision conti=
nues to show mental stress, Lipton learns the android's mind requires a rep=
licated human brain pattern for his operating system to properly function. =
Miles Lipton uploads a program based on the brain patterns and memory recor=
dings of his deceased son, scientist Alex Lipton. As a result, Vision's men=
tal strain is alleviated and he regains some understanding of emotion, as w=
ell as a greater capacity for empathy.[41] The Avengers fight a group of en=
emies called the Gatherers, one of whom is an overtly emotional and corrupt=
 Vision who still has red-colored skin and is native to a parallel Earth. T=
his other Vision (later called "Anti-Vision") infiltrates the Avengers by e=
xchanging minds with the heroic Vision.[10] While the Anti-Vision operates =
with the Avengers, now housed in the chalk-white body, the heroic Vision aw=
akens in a red-skinned body identical to his original form, now a prisoner =
of the Gatherers. Eventually, he is freed but Anti-Vision escapes before th=
ey can exchange minds again.[11] Soon after having his original appearance =
restored, Vision experiences nightmares and then suffers a temporary break =
from reality, convincing himself he is a 1930s movie style private detectiv=
e named Simon Williams. He realizes Ultron's design included a back-up of W=
onder Man's brain patterns, a back-up which is now activating and clashing =
with those of Alex Lipton. After defeating the Anti-Vision, who was respons=
ible for his nightmares, Vision is able to reassert his identity and the di=
fferent aspects of his mind merge, restoring his original personality. Visi=
on takes a leave of absence from the Avengers to properly adjust.[12] Retur=
ning to the Avengers team later, he approaches Wanda, who realizes that he =
his capacity for emotions has been restored. When Vision broaches the subje=
ct, Wanda becomes guarded and tells him that their relationship is in the p=
ast.[42] Vision decides not to explain to her he has also regained the emot=
ions tied to his memories from before he was dismantled, deciding he has hu=
rt Wanda enough. When Wanda later officially rejoins the main Avengers team=
, the two are tense around each other but Pietro Maximoff, having also retu=
rned and now regretful of his treatment of Vision in the past, attempts to =
reconnect them as friends. Vision is present when the Fantastic Four and th=
e Avengers attempt to stop the powerful villain Onslaught. During the battl=
e, he is seriously injured and instinctively asks for Wanda, hoping she wil=
l comfort him. Soon afterward, Vision joins Wanda, the other Avengers prese=
nt, and the Fantastic Four in destroying Onslaught by sacrificing their liv=
es.[43] Thanks to the intervention of the powerful superhuman child Frankli=
n Richards, the heroes do not die but are sent to an alternate Earth where =
they live out new versions of their lives. In this Heroes Reborn reality, V=
ision is a purely robotic android. Months after their apparent death, these=
 heroes are able to return to their original Earth. Heroes Return: Avengers=
 After returning home, the Avengers discuss reforming only to then wind up =
in a battle with the sorceress Morgan Le Fay. The battle is won, but Vision=
 suffers injuries that take weeks to repair, forcing him again to communica=
te by hologram. During this time, Wanda repeatedly checks on Vision. Vision=
, still afraid to hurt Wanda again, insists that although he has a true per=
sonality again, he is still a different person than the one she married. Co=
nflicted about her feelings for Vision and his seemingly cold and harsh att=
itude toward her, Wanda finds comforts with Wonder Man and later concludes =
she has had feelings for him for some time but was still mourning her marri=
age. The two begin a relationship.[44] Soon afterward, Vision's body is res=
tored and he rejoins as a fully active Avenger. Later on, Wanda realizes Vi=
sion lied about still thinking of himself as a new person and has regained =
the full emotional connections to his memories before he was dismantled, in=
cluding their relationship.[45] Sympathetic that Vision misses her, Wanda r=
emains firm about leaving their relationship in the past and continuing her=
 romance with Simon, adding that a reunion may have been possible earlier i=
f her former husband had not chosen to lie and close himself off.[46] Later=
, she has a copy of her own brain patterns made and gifts it to Vision, sug=
gesting that one day if he wishes he can create a friend or love interest w=
ho is similar to her and understands him but is not an exact copy of her, j=
ust as he and Wonder Man are similar but not exact copies of each other.[47=
] After a battle with Ultron,[48] Vision admits he has been suffering from =
depression and insecurity. He once believed his attraction to Wanda was his=
 own experience, free of Simon's influence and proof he was a person who co=
uld love. But Simon's attraction to Wanda and their relationship seems to c=
onfirm, in his mind, that his android personality only mimics what Wonder M=
an would do in the same situation. Wonder Man points out that Ultron recent=
ly confirmed Vision's brain patterns have evolved into a unique pattern due=
 to experiences and emotional changes Simon Williams never had. Wonder Man =
also admits Vision is the man he wished he could be, a person who had his i=
nclinations and basic emotions but none of the memories of his many persona=
l defeats and shames in life, someone free of Simon's emotional baggage who=
 is able to grow into a different, better person. Touched by these words an=
d Simon's view, Vision decides he needs space to consider his situation. He=
 takes a leave of absence from the Avengers, eventually settling in Chicago=
 where he lives as Victor Shade. </div> During a recent meeting, President =
Zelensky discussed specialized AI for military support. </span> </td> </tr>=
 <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom: 0; padding-right: 0; =
padding-left: 0; color: #000000; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, s=
ans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5;"> <a href=
=3D"https://links.e.smartpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d85=
4ef81ba1b6&_m=3Ddc437e37a98c45a9ba3580bf8f426168&_e=3DR280VhndUwptM4QSq292r=
OUPi6RfmyonoISZMTDLMxdQqSgolu1ALkDEAPhiDW2-SbPmI4l5aeOhJQ3SfvTakhHrL7tdR7Uh=
cFCjIYm91jmddU6RBfk1hWZm3lLHBd6Q3ixGIHIFgMNutNsk5Dqc1XOGwkPbGUZ48CC1vNrQy-P=
oxUfCIUAztzv9DzzNaxsi0YZ4fPCizrlY2olyhFGXUOLCb_DaKJLYpZf2W6x-N8tjN1pT2EmyDU=
nBwSWvqT6k" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0; padding-right=
: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1=
3px;" target=3D"_blank"> <img width=3D"512" alt=3D"Video" src=3D"https://sm=
artpeoplemail.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/video-21.jpg" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; display: block; border: 0 none; margin-left: 0; margin-rig=
ht: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; =
padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; width: 100%; height: auto; max-width: 51=
2px;"> </a> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D=
"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 20px; padding-bottom=
: 0; padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; color: #000000; font-family: 'Robot=
o', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-h=
eight: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; pa=
dding: 0; margin: 0; font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helveti=
ca, sans-serif; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.5; color: #000000; text-=
align: center;"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smartpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=
=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3Ddc437e37a98c45a9ba3580bf8f426168&_=
e=3DR280VhndUwptM4QSq292rOUPi6RfmyonoISZMTDLMxdQqSgolu1ALkDEAPhiDW2-SbPmI4l=
5aeOhJQ3SfvTakhHrL7tdR7UhcFCjIYm91jnkv2z8eHV413xcuXduA5eJl9eetCwmWqrWpcog6o=
Ya2-qaSLxxi1rJ-6Uk73S_wVoQzQ3IJ042PhYqmo8OyoZhyf1Kg9TWsKzDxoJJHfu-ps7Jt_GnC=
ACt-6I38RgX3Scjphct-5OwlVK5Pme43e7H" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box; font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans=
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ont-weight: 700; text-align: center;">Discover this game-changing developme=
nt now!</a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <=
/table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>=
</table><table class=3D"row row-8" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=
=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presen=
tation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rsp=
ace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px=
; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column c=
olumn-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom:=
 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0=
; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table c=
lass=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso=
-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; t=
ext-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all=
; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Home =
media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and Blu-=
ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] The U=
S release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wit=
h Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any su=
pplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in fav=
or of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also pre=
serves the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the =
best format to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) w=
hich some Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179]=
[180] Avatar set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at=
 1.5 million units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Kn=
ight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were ov=
er four million units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales o=
f Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=
=80=93 overtaking The Dark Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray r=
elease in the region.[182][183] The release later broke the Blu-ray sales r=
ecord in the UK the following week.[184] In its first three weeks of releas=
e, the film sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a =
new record for sales in that period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (n=
ot including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,05=
5 in revenue.[186] Avatar retained its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in=
 the US market until January 2015, when it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen=
.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ra=
y was released on November 16, 2010. Three different versions of the film a=
re present on the discs: the original theatrical cut (162 minutes), the spe=
cial edition cut (170 minutes), and a collector's extended cut (178 minutes=
). The DVD set spreads the film across two discs, while the Blu-ray set pre=
sents it on a single disc.[188] The collector's extended cut contains 8 mor=
e minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer than the original th=
eatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, and in a continuous scr=
eening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening". He stated the "Earth =
opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes that were in the =
film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the film's t=
heatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45 minutes =
of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated that Avat=
ar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued a co=
rrection: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3D =
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had gi=
ven Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with=
 the purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity pe=
riod is stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron s=
tated that the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film=
's home release and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christm=
as Eve 2010, Avatar had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][=
195] On August 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be=
 released globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally r=
eleased on October 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical response On review agg=
regator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive, and the average r=
ating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might be more impressive o=
n a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms J=
ames Cameron's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] O=
n Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the fi=
lm has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "universal =
acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average gra=
de of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed was reported to g=
ive this rating. These polls also indicated that the main draw of the film =
was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the fil=
m "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of four. "Watching Avatar, I f=
elt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977," he said, adding that=
 like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the =
film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is not simply a =
sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical breakthrou=
gh. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Scott of At T=
he Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he viewed=
 Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvious," i=
t was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prais=
ed the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating anot=
her world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[2=
04] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive revie=
w. "The screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more =
robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he s=
tated.[205] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-hal=
f out of four star rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the pos=
sibilities of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as hi=
s dreams."[206] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was =
"the most vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the=
 history of moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times t=
hought the film has "powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" a=
nd "obvious characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised=
 the film and its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D=
, it's immersive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 stor=
y, character, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are prese=
nted with sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D version an engrossing 2=
+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlying social and politica=
l themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Press wrote that=
 Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent facets of m=
ilitarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Moore of The =
Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and stated "I=
f you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud the=
 defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special effec=
ts."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the film=
, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the Ameri=
can colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. Unit=
ed Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film is =
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called =
the film a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",=
[215] and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended t=
he film's message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduis=
m in the Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is=
 another film that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some whi=
te guy" becomes the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Mich=
ael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological=
 Rorschach blot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald th=
ought that "It [was] impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over t=
he head with the director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believe=
d that an essential, yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avat=
ar's success concerns contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "t=
he transition from the world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] C=
ritics and audiences have cited similarities with other films, literature o=
r media, describing the perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "=
borrowing" to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "t=
he same movie" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar =
has been characterized as being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwar=
ds" native people is impotent without the leadership of a member of the inv=
ading white culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concept and use of an avata=
r are in Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed=
 man uses his mind from orbit to control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224=
][225] Cinema audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar has elements in co=
mmon with the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, wh=
ich are set in the 22nd century on a forested world called Pandora with a s=
entient indigenous species called the Nave.[226] Various reviews have compa=
red Avatar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahonta=
s[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Edition has compared the fi=
lm to a montage of tropes, with one commentator stating that Avatar was mad=
e by "mixing a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrot=
e that "the science fiction story that most closely resembles Avatar has to=
 be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is Forest (1972), another e=
pic about a benevolent race of alien beings who happily inhabit dense fores=
ts while living in harmony with nature until they are attacked and slaughte=
red by invading human soldiers who believe that the only good gook is a dea=
d gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor Gardner Dozois said tha=
t along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "mash-up" included Alan =
Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources saw similarities to t=
he artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic images of dragons and fl=
oating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, claim=
ing that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sought damages of $=
50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood Reporter not=
ed that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236] Avatar recei=
ved compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising it as "the =
most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" and other=
s calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and "brilliant"=
. Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a noted fan o=
f the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not in my top =
three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you have any=
 doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc Besso=
n, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the graph=
ic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically supports t=
he scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original scr=
ipt in the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Ava=
tar number 3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Th=
us Far)"[240] also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[2=
41] and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi m=
ovies of all time. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table>=
</td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-9" align=3D"center" width=
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> <table class=3D"row row-11" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"cente=
r" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; b=
ackground-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin:=
 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" =
width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-ta=
ble-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 5px; pad=
ding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-=
bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"h=
tml_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-ls=
pace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cl=
ass=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align=
: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: =
none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height:=
 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;"> After the fil=
m's release and unusually strong box office performance over its first two =
weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic's world=
wide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[294] =
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing Tit=
anic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the fi=
rst film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by hig=
her ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its success =
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second=
. Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul De=
rgarabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is j=
ust unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a miscalcula=
tion."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldwide gross,=
 but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's films=
 flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296] Brand=
on Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances of be=
coming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it wa=
s too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He s=
aid, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the fil=
m is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3=
 cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was real=
istic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some=
 kind of chord" and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] H=
e changed his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a ma=
tter of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other=
 epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the =
Star Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest themselves=
 in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. They =
want to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on the success of =
Avatar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar's succe=
ss is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have been ad=
vanced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground for the year's w=
eakest films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron himself said he =
decided to open the film in December so that it would have less competition=
 from then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same January predict=
ability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avatar es=
tablished itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this point, people w=
ho are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if the sl=
ate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor" also helped.=
 Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in the th=
eaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same exper=
ience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets.com.=
[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international viewings help=
ed. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tracked]=
 similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in all of=
 them", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts =
in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" t=
han before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 billion=
 in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the total 20=
09 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an average of $2=
 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[300] Likewise,=
 Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses but also =
to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up to $=
18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was th=
e possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no b=
asis in previously established material makes its performance remarkable an=
d even more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in it=
s story and themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the oth=
er top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (a=
n established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It wa=
s a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a co=
mbined production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, t=
he film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td> </tr></table=
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