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Please read this Wealth Protection Guide from American Alternative Assets..=
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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
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you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


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Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_3075183_267246762.1708086988757
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ass=3D"row row-3" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background=
-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;"=
 width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><t=
r style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"=
100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspac=
e: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top:=
 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0=
; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block=
 block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" r=
ole=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; =
mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pa=
d" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;=
" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; wid=
th: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-=
size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography f=
or Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron descri=
bed the film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with =
computer-generated characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of=
 the day the audience has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. =
The director indicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincip=
al scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot with a modified versio=
n of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron=
 and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming fo=
r Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opi=
nion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less notic=
eable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-gener=
ated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] M=
otion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Pl=
aya Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photography began in October =
2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 day=
s.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[70] In prepara=
tion of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional tra=
ining specific to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firea=
rm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect trainin=
g in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film,=
 Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get=
 a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] Dur=
ing filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of di=
recting motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual cou=
nterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director=
 to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to =
Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through s=
pace, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a li=
ving miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventiona=
l techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-ca=
pture of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminis=
h the value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no n=
eed for repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up t=
ouch-ups, scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron desc=
ribed the system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tr=
ee or a mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete co=
ntrol over the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielber=
g and Peter Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said=
, "I like to think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Mot=
ion capture brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and =
directors only know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg an=
d George Lucas were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with=
 the equipment.[77] To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action,=
 a unique camera referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D =
fusion camera and the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in =
real time with the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camer=
a or designed from scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as=
 in augmented reality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for =
the director to instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material i=
n the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's personal convictions about climate change=
, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div=
></td></tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><ta=
ble class=3D"row row-4" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"=
><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stac=
k" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=
=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso=
-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #00=
0; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cl=
ass=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso=
-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; =
padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; =
border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=
=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><di=
v style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvet=
ica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidd=
en; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; =
margin: 0;">A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used duri=
ng production. According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed sinc=
e the 1990s to allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advanc=
ement to adequately portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director pl=
anned to make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created =
using new motion capture animation technologies he had been developing in t=
he 14 months leading up to December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new sys=
tem for lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture =
stage or "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an improve=
d method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture=
. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps f=
itted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the info=
rmation collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitt=
ed to computers.[81] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers=
 to transfer 100% of the actors' physical performances to their digital cou=
nterparts.[82] Besides the performance capture data which were transferred =
directly to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital arti=
sts multiple angles of each performance.[83] A technically challenging scen=
e was near the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the=
 live action Jake in human form, and attention was given to the details of =
the shadows and reflected light between them.[84] The lead visual effects c=
ompany was Weta Digital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to=
 work on the film.[85] Because of the huge amount of data which needed to b=
e stored, cataloged and available for everybody involved, even on the other=
 side of the world, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM=
) system named Gaia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which a=
llowed the crews to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital =
processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server =
farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor core=
s with 104 terabytes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storage run=
ning Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation soft=
ware and managers, Pixar's RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management sy=
stem.[87][88][89][90] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in =
the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturin=
g and paint software system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in c=
ooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual=
 world of Pandora required over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each=
 minute of the final footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage=
.[94] It would often take the computer several hours to render a single fra=
me of the film.[95] To help finish preparing the special effects sequences =
on time, a number of other companies were brought on board, including Indus=
trial Light & Magic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the batt=
le sequences. ILM was responsible for the visual effects for many of the fi=
lm's specialized vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96]=
 Joe Letteri was the film's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music an=
d soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horn=
er =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the =
score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? See media help. =
Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration with Cameron=
 after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a sm=
all chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also w=
orked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture fo=
r the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take plac=
e in early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he wo=
uld not work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked o=
n the score from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the proc=
ess. He stated in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I =
have worked on and the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed=
 the score as two different scores merged into one. He first created a scor=
e that reflected the Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separat=
e "traditional" score to drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was=
 chosen to sing the theme song for the film, called "I See You". An accompa=
nying music video, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on M=
ySpace. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" w=
idth=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pres=
entation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-r=
space: 0; word-break: break-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><t=
d class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; paddi=
ng-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box; font-family: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Ver=
dana,Segoe,sans-serif; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7=
da496; line-height: 1.2;"><p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: =
inherit; margin: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; mso-line-height-al=
t: 14.399999999999999px;">At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the=
 Editors at&nbsp;<strong style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">Smart People Mai=
l</strong>&nbsp;with special opportunities for our readers. The message bel=
ow is one we think you should take a close, serious look at.</p></div></div=
></td></tr></table> <table class=3D"divider_block block-3" width=3D"100%" b=
order=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; paddi=
ng-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignment" align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table=
-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td=
 class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1px; l=
ine-height: 1px; border-top: 1px solid #000;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></t=
r></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-5" alig=
n=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0=
" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table c=
lass=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; ms=
o-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radi=
us: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D=
"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; t=
ext-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; borde=
r-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D=
"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-=
lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td=
 class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: =
border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-al=
ign: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; displa=
y: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; heig=
ht: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is p=
rimarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the context of i=
mperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration was "every =
single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to update t=
he style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He acknowledged t=
hat Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, =
The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes between cu=
ltures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a battered sol=
dier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighting against.[=
105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princess Monon=
oke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron file=
d a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detail th=
e genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be Avat=
ar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonization o=
f the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced project=
s, Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited=
 his script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short =
film, as being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar=
. He stated that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within na=
ture, the idea of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, coloni=
zation of alien planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military f=
orce, the story of a seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technological=
ly superior force, and the good scientist were all established and recurren=
t themes" from his earlier films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First =
Blood Part II, The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifical=
ly mentioned the "water tentacle" in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar"=
 that "takes on the appearance of...an alien life form...in order to bridge=
 the cultural gap and build trust."[108] Cameron also cited a number of wor=
ks by other creators as "reference points and sources of inspiration" for A=
vatar. These include two of his "favorite" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, wh=
ere mankind experiences an evolution after meeting alien life, and Lawrence=
 of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and immerses into a foreign cul=
ture and then ultimately joins that group to fight other outsiders." Camero=
n said he became familiar with the concept of a human operating a "syntheti=
c avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith's short story "In th=
e Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the Stars. He said he=
 learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer b=
y William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "w=
orld mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentio=
ned several other films about people interacting with "indigenous cultures"=
 as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King,=
 The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and FernGul=
ly. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories by Edga=
r Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H. Ride=
r Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was asked a=
bout the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarnat=
ion of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that me=
ans is that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a hu=
man's intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Ca=
meron also cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell,=
 in terms of how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalit=
ies into, alien bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jak=
e and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was=
 in the tradition of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity =
to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer state=
d, "Both couples come from radically different cultures that are contemptuo=
us of their relationship and are forced to choose sides between the competi=
ng communities."[113] Cameron described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying=
 that his plotline followed the historical story of a "white outsider [who]=
 falls in love with the chief's daughter, who becomes his guide to the trib=
e and to their special bond with nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or=
 not the Jake and Neytiri love story would be perceived as believable parti=
ally hinged on the physical attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, w=
hich was developed by considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artist=
s.[114] Although Cameron felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right aw=
ay, their portrayers (Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cam=
eron said the two actors "had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gra=
y mountain in the middle of a forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mounta=
ins" were inspired in part by the Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[1=
15] Zhangjiajie National Forest Park For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mo=
untains", the designers drew inspiration from "many different types of moun=
tains, but mainly the karst limestone formations in China."[116] According =
to production designer Dylan Cole, the fictional floating rocks were inspir=
ed by Huangshan (also known as Yellow Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among=
 others around the world.[116] Cameron had noted the influence of the Chine=
se peaks on the design of the floating mountains.[117] To create the interi=
ors of the human mining colony on Pandora, production designers visited the=
 Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June =
2007. They photographed, measured and filmed every aspect of the platform, =
which was later replicated on-screen with photorealistic CGI during post-pr=
oduction. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr=
></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%"=
 border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><t=
body style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" =
align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"p=
resentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-tabl=
e-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: =
600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"col=
umn column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lsp=
ace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-to=
p: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:=
 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_blo=
ck block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0=
; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"=
pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: cente=
r;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; w=
idth: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; fon=
t-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">The first photo of th=
e film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empire released exclusive =
images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landa=
u, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, mod=
erated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-f=
ive minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Camer=
on appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd[=
128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-=
Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, the trai=
ler was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer and t=
oy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second tra=
iler was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second traile=
r was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered =
online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An ext=
ended version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The=
 Hollywood Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [s=
ame] establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the show=
ing reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has bee=
n among the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching=
 the first place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[=
136] On October 30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vie=
tnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar =
to a number of press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film =
premiered live on November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game a=
t Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of=
 the world's largest video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game o=
n Fox. It is said to be the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in =
history.[138] The Coca-Cola Company collaborated with Fox to launch a world=
wide marketing campaign to promote the film. The highlight of the campaign =
was the website AVTR.com. Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Ze=
ro, when held in front of a webcam, enabled users to interact with the webs=
ite's 3-D features using augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film w=
as heavily promoted in an episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "T=
he Gamer In The Grease" (Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore=
 has a recurring role on the program, and is seen in the episode anxiously =
awaiting the release of the film.[140] A week prior to the American release=
, Zoe Saldana promoted the film on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by a=
n animated Space Ghost.[141] McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in televi=
sion commercials in Europe called "Avatarize yourself", which encouraged pe=
ople to go to the website set up by Oddcast, and use a photograph of themse=
lves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Books Avatar: A Confidential Report on th=
e Biological and Social History of Pandora, a 224-page book in the form of =
a field guide to the film's fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was=
 released by Harper Entertainment on November 24, 2009.[143] It is presente=
d as a compilation of data collected by the humans about Pandora and the li=
fe on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also r=
eleased Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook fo=
r children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on November 30, 2009, by Ab=
rams Books. The book features detailed production artwork from the film, in=
cluding production sketches, illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film st=
ills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, a=
nd director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In October 2010, Abrams B=
ooks also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page book that detailed the =
film's production process and contains over 500 color photographs and illus=
trations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that he planned to write a=
 novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147] In February 2010=
, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel novel for Avatar =
that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it would go into =
much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to deal with=
", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story that f=
ills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Cameron=
 hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar univ=
erse.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on Avat=
ar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release. </div></div></td></tr></t=
able><table class=3D"html_block block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,=
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le class=3D"html_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-seri=
f; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide:=
 all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">I=
nitial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was r=
eleased theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was or=
iginally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pushe=
d back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
 November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D proj=
ectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:1 fo=
r 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D screening=
s.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use with constan=
t-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to display 2.3=
9:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, the=
 movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered w=
eren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in t=
ime for the public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 t=
heaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% o=
f all advance ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internat=
ionally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of =
which 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend=
 gross).[164][165] The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format,=
 opening in 178 theaters in the United States on December 18. The internati=
onal IMAX release included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 mor=
e theaters were to be added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was =
the company's widest to date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previo=
us IMAX record opening was Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which op=
ened in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th =
Century Fox Korea adapted and later released Avatar in 4D version, which in=
cluded "moving seats, smells of explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights =
and wind".[20] Post-original release In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that t=
here would be an extended theatrical rerelease of the film on August 27, 20=
10, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition in=
cludes an additional nine minutes of footage, all of which is CG,[169] incl=
uding an extension of the sex scene[170] and various other scenes that were=
 cut from the original theatrical film.[169] This extended re-release resul=
ted in the film's run time approaching the then-current IMAX platter maximu=
m of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time for the end credits. Cameron st=
ated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost more than $1 million a minu=
te to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week re-release, Avatar: Speci=
al Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in North America and $22.46=
 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2 million.[5] The film was l=
ater re-released in China in March 2021, allowing it to surpass Avengers: E=
ndgame to become the highest-grossing film of all time.[24] Avatar was re-r=
eleased in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pi=
ctures for a limited two week engagement, with the film being remastered in=
 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high frame rate of 48-frame=
s-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 2022 premiere of i=
ts sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Cameron previously=
 teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the Dolby Cine=
ma re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the works to rem=
aster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema. </div><=
/div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>=
<table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" =
border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; back=
ground-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 =
auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" wid=
th=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table=
-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 5px; paddin=
g-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bot=
tom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html=
_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lsp=
ace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cla=
ss=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align:=
 center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: n=
one; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: =
0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Home media 20th=
 Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in the=
 US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] The US release =
was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide with Earth Da=
y.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any supplemental=
 features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in favor of and =
to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preserves the=
 film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best forma=
t to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some =
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 milli=
on units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,=
000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four mi=
llion units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar o=
n Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 ove=
rtaking The Dark Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in =
the region.[182][183] The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in t=
he UK the following week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the fil=
m sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record=
 for sales in that period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not includi=
ng Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in reven=
ue.[186] Avatar retained its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US ma=
rket until January 2015, when it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The=
 Avatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was rele=
ased on November 16, 2010. Three different versions of the film are present=
 on the discs: the original theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special editi=
on cut (170 minutes), and a collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD=
 set spreads the film across two discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it o=
n a single disc.[188] The collector's extended cut contains 8 more minutes =
of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer than the original theatrical c=
ut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, and in a continuous screening of =
the film, watch it with the Earth opening". He stated the "Earth opening" i=
s an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes that were in the film for m=
uch of its production but were ultimately cut before the film's theatrical =
release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45 minutes of deleted=
 scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated that Avatar would b=
e released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued a correction: =
"3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3D Blu-ray in=
 November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version would be relea=
sed some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given Panaso=
nic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the purch=
ase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period is st=
ated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated that=
 the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home re=
lease and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 201=
0, Avatar had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On Au=
gust 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released =
globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on=
 October 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical response On review aggregator Ro=
tten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7=
.4/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might be more impressive on a techni=
cal level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Camer=
on's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacrit=
ic =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a s=
core of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[=
199] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" =
on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed was reported to give this r=
ating. These polls also indicated that the main draw of the film was its us=
e of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film "extraor=
dinary" and gave it four stars out of four. "Watching Avatar, I felt sort o=
f the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977," he said, adding that like Star=
 Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the film "empl=
oys a new generation of special effects" and it "is not simply a sensationa=
l entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical breakthrough. It has=
 a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Scott of At The Movies =
also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he viewed Star Wars=
 and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvious," it was "par=
t of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the fil=
m, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another world =
entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] Kirk H=
oneycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The sc=
reen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust mus=
ic than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205=
] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of f=
our star rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities=
 of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."=
[206] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most =
vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history o=
f moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the=
 film has "powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obviou=
s characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film =
and its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's imm=
ersive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, charact=
er, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with =
sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=
=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlying social and political themes=
 attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Press wrote that Cameron=
 used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent facets of militaris=
m, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Moore of The Christia=
n Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and stated "If you ca=
n get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud the defeat =
of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special effects."[212=
] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the film, callin=
g its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the American colo=
nists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. United Fruit=
".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film is "Cameron=
's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice for a g=
eneration now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the film=
 a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] an=
d Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film'=
s message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
 Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another=
 film that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" =
becomes the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phil=
lips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorscha=
ch blot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought th=
at "It [was] impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head =
with the director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that a=
n essential, yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's suc=
cess concerns contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the trans=
ition from the world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics a=
nd audiences have cited similarities with other films, literature or media,=
 describing the perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowin=
g" to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same =
movie" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been=
 characterized as being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" nati=
ve people is impotent without the leadership of a member of the invading wh=
ite culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in=
 Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man use=
s his mind from orbit to control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] C=
inema audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar has elements in common wit=
h the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are =
set in the 22nd century on a forested world called Pandora with a sentient =
indigenous species called the Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avat=
ar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] a=
nd The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Edition has compared the film to a =
montage of tropes, with one commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mi=
xing a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "=
the science fiction story that most closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursu=
la Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is Forest (1972), another epic abou=
t a benevolent race of alien beings who happily inhabit dense forests while=
 living in harmony with nature until they are attacked and slaughtered by i=
nvading human soldiers who believe that the only good gook is a dead gook".=
[225] The science fiction writer and editor Gardner Dozois said that along =
with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "mash-up" included Alan Dean Fos=
ter's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources saw similarities to the artwo=
rk of Roger Dean, which features fantastic images of dragons and floating r=
ock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, claiming that=
 Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sought damages of $50m.[235=
] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood Reporter noted that =
Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236] Avatar received comp=
liments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising it as "the most evo=
cative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" and others callin=
g it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and "brilliant". Noted =
art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a noted fan of the fi=
lm.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not in my top three Ja=
mes Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you have any doubt w=
hat was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc Besson, Avata=
r opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the graphic novel=
 series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically supports the scope=
 of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script in t=
he trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar numb=
er 3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"=
[240] also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and =
IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of=
 all time. </div></div></td></tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></=
tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-8" align=3D"center" width=3D"100=
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enter;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: non=
e; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0;=
 font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;"> After the film's=
 release and unusually strong box office performance over its first two wee=
ks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic's worldwid=
e gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[294] Oth=
er films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing Titani=
c, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the first=
 film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by higher=
 ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its success to =
box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they manag=
e anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. D=
ipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Derga=
rabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=
 unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a miscalculatio=
n."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldwide gross, bu=
t most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's films fl=
ame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296] Brandon =
Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances of becom=
ing the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it was t=
oo early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He said=
, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film i=
s unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 ch=
eaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realist=
ic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some ki=
nd of chord" and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He c=
hanged his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matte=
r of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other ep=
ic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Sta=
r Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in=
 and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. They wan=
t to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Ava=
tar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar's success =
is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have been advan=
ced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground for the year's weak=
est films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron himself said he dec=
ided to open the film in December so that it would have less competition fr=
om then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same January predictabi=
lity, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avatar estab=
lished itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this point, people who =
are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if the slate=
 was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor" also helped. Fo=
x positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in the theat=
ers. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same experien=
ce at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets.com.[30=
0] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international viewings helped.=
 "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tracked] si=
milarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in all of th=
em", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts in =
1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" than=
 before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 billion in=
 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the total 2009 =
box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an average of $2 to=
 $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[300] Likewise, En=
tertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses but also to =
its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up to $18.=
50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was the p=
ossible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no basi=
s in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and e=
ven more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its s=
tory and themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other =
top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an e=
stablished film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a=
 tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combi=
ned production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the =
film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td></tr></table></t=
d></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>=
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