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Subject: [SPAM] 🌍↪Shосkіng↩ •Асt• ˙оf˙ ✖Wаr✖ ▪Unсоvеrеd▪🌍 | Feb 3, 2024

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Newly revealed video evidence points towards a grave act=E2=80=A6


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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


 Has President Biden been caught in what could be the greatest deception of=
=20
his term?

 Newly revealed video evidence points towards a grave act=E2=80=A6=20

 That might implicate him directly in an alarming "act of war."=20

Following his accidental exposure to gamma rays while saving the life of Ri=
ck=20
Jones during the detonation of an experimental bomb, Banner is physically=
=20
transformed into the Hulk when subjected to emotional stress, at or against=
 his=20
will. This transformation often leads to destructive rampages and to confli=
cts=20
that complicate Banner's civilian life. The Hulk's level of strength is=20
normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger. Commonly portraye=
d as=20
a raging savage, the Hulk has been represented with other alter egos, from =
a=20
mindless, destructive force (War), to a brilliant warrior (World-Breaker), =
a=20
self-hating protector (the Devil/Immortal), a genius scientist in his own r=
ight=20
(Doc Green), and a gangster (Joe Fixit). Despite both Hulk and Banner's des=
ire=20
for solitude, the character has a large supporting cast. This includes Bann=
er's=20
love interest Betty Ross, his best friend Rick Jones, his cousin She-Hulk, =
and=20
therapist and ally Doc Samson. In addition, the Hulk alter ego has many key=
=20
supporting characters, like his co-founders of the superhero team the Aveng=
ers,=20
his queen Caiera, fellow warriors Korg and Miek, and sons Skaar and Hiro-Ka=
la.=20
However, his uncontrollable power has brought him into conflict with his fe=
llow=20
heroes and others. Despite this, he tries his best to do what's right while=
=20
battling villains such as the Leader, the Abomination, the Absorbing Man, a=
nd=20
more. Lee stated that the Hulk's creation was inspired by a combination of=
=20
Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.[4] Although the Hulk's coloration=
 has=20
varied throughout the character's publication history, the most usual color=
 is=20
green. One of the most iconic characters in popular culture,[5][6] the=20
character has appeared on a variety of merchandise, such as clothing and=20
collectable items, inspired real-world structures (such as theme park=20
attractions), and been referenced in a number of media. Banner and the Hulk=
=20
have been adapted in live-action, animated, and video game incarnations. Th=
e=20
character was first played in live-action by Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno in=
 the=20
1978 television series The Incredible Hulk and its subsequent television fi=
lms=20
The Incredible Hulk Returns (1988), The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989)=
,=20
and The Death of the Incredible Hulk (1990). In film, the character was pla=
yed=20
by Eric Bana in Hulk (2003). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the=20
character was first portrayed by Edward Norton in the film The Incredible H=
ulk=20
(2008) and then by Mark Ruffalo in later appearances in the franchise.=20
Publication history Further information: List of Hulk titles Concept and=20
creation The Hulk first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1 (cover dated May=
=20
1962), written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack=
=20
Kirby,[7][8] and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from=20
Frankenstein[9] and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulk's creation: It was=
=20
patently apparent that [the monstrous character the] Thing was the most pop=
ular=20
character in [Marvel's recently created superhero team the] Fantastic Four.=
 ...=20
For a long time, I'd been aware of the fact that people were more likely to=
=20
favor someone who was less than perfect. ... It's a safe bet that you remem=
ber=20
Quasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, handsomer, more=
=20
glamorous characters in The Hunchback of Notre Dame? And then there's=20
Frankenstein ... I've always had a soft spot in my heart for the Frankenste=
in=20
monster. No one could ever convince me that he was the bad guy. ... He neve=
r=20
wanted to hurt anyone; he merely groped his torturous way through a second =
life=20
trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought to=
=20
destroy him. ... I decided I might as well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr. H=
yde=20
as well=E2=80=94our protagonist would constantly change from his normal ide=
ntity to his=20
superhuman alter ego and back again.[10] Hulk comic logo Kirby also stated =
the=20
Frankenstein inspiration stating, "I did a story called =E2=80=9CThe Hulk=
=E2=80=9D=E2=80=93 a small=20
feature, and it was quite different from the Hulk that we know. But I felt =
that=20
the Hulk had possibilities, and I took this little character from the small=
=20
feature and I transformed it into the Hulk that we know today. Of course, I=
 was=20
experimenting with it. I thought the Hulk might be a good-looking Frankenst=
ein.=20
I felt there=E2=80=99s a Frankenstein in all of us; I=E2=80=99ve seen it de=
monstrated. And I=20
felt that the Hulk had the element of truth in it, and anything to me with =
the=20
element of truth is valid and the reader relates to that. And if you dramat=
ize=20
it, the reader will enjoy it."[11] Kirby also commented upon his influences=
 in=20
drawing the character, and recalled the inspiration of witnessing the=20
hysterical strength of a mother lifting a car off her trapped=20
child.[12][13][14] Lee has also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish=20
mythology.[9] In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hul=
k as=20
a reaction to the Cold War[15] and the threat of nuclear attack, an=20
interpretation shared by Weinstein in Up, Up and Oy Vey.[9] This interpreta=
tion=20
corresponds with other popularized fictional media created during this time=
=20
period, which took advantage of the prevailing sense among Americans that=
=20
nuclear power could produce monsters and mutants.[16] In the debut, Lee cho=
se=20
grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any partic=
ular=20
ethnic group.[17] Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with the gr=
ey=20
coloring, resulting in different shades of grey, and even green, in the iss=
ue.=20
After seeing the first published issue, Lee chose to change the skin color =
to=20
green.[18] Green was used in retellings of the origin, with even reprints o=
f=20
the original story being recolored for the next two decades, until The=20
Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 (December 1984) reintroduced the grey Hulk in=
=20
flashbacks set close to the origin story. An exception is the early trade=
=20
paperback, Origins of Marvel Comics, from 1974, which explains the difficul=
ties=20
in keeping the grey color consistent in a Stan Lee-written prologue, and=20
reprints the origin story keeping the grey coloration. Since December 1984,=
=20
reprints of the first issue have displayed the original grey coloring, with=
 the=20
fictional canon specifying that the Hulk's skin had initially been grey. Le=
e=20
gave the Hulk's alter ego the alliterative name "Bruce Banner" because he f=
ound=20
he had less difficulty remembering alliterative names. Despite this, in lat=
er=20
stories he misremembered the character's name and referred to him as "Bob=
=20
Banner", an error which readers quickly picked up on.[19] The discrepancy w=
as=20
resolved by giving the character the official full name "Robert Bruce=20
Banner."[1] The Hulk got his name from a comic book character named The Hea=
p=20
who was a large green swamp monster. The implications of this could spell=
=20
danger for countless Americans.

We issue a stern WARNING: the content you're about to witness is of a highl=
y=20
controversial nature.=20

 The truth demands to be seen.=20

Uncover it here >>=20
<https://www.bropom.com/TM0396/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/PAEA42>=20

 Regards,=20

 Jim Rickards,=20
Editor, Paradigm Press=20
Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_45770_697374503.1706966993127
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le><table class=3D"row row-3" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" =
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ng: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"cente=
r" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; b=
ackground-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin:=
 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" =
width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-ta=
ble-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; pad=
ding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-=
bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"h=
tml_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-ls=
pace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cl=
ass=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align=
: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: =
none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height:=
 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal phot=
ography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Camer=
on described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combinat=
ion with computer-generated characters and live environments. "Ideally at t=
he end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looking at," Camer=
on said. The director indicated that he had already worked four months on n=
onprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot with a modifi=
ed version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed b=
y Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D f=
ilming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's s=
trong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing l=
ess noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% compu=
ter-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatur=
es.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft st=
age in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photography began in=
 October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to la=
st 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[70] I=
n preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent profess=
ional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseback ridi=
ng, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and dialec=
t training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before shooting =
the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[7=
3] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage=
.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new =
way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' vi=
rtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the=
 director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Acco=
rding to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly =
through space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene =
into a living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using co=
nventional techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the =
motion-capture of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does no=
t diminish the value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because ther=
e is no need for repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and =
make-up touch-ups, scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cam=
eron described the system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to =
move a tree or a mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have co=
mplete control over the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven=
 Spielberg and Peter Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spiel=
berg said, "I like to think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animatio=
n ... Motion capture brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that ac=
tors and directors only know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spi=
elberg and George Lucas were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron di=
rect with the equipment.[77] To film the shots where CGI interacts with liv=
e action, a unique camera referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of=
 the 3-D fusion camera and the virtual camera systems. While filming live a=
ction in real time with the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virt=
ual camera or designed from scratch, are superimposed over the live action =
images as in augmented reality and shown on a small monitor, making it poss=
ible for the director to instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual m=
aterial in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's personal convictions about clima=
te change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </=
div></div></td></tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></=
table><table class=3D"row row-4" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"=
0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-siz=
e: auto;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-con=
tent stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace:=
 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; col=
or: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tb=
ody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align:=
 left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-t=
op: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" v=
align=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"=
0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,H=
elvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow:=
 hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height=
: 0; margin: 0;">A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used=
 during production. According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed=
 since the 1990s to allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of a=
dvancement to adequately portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The direct=
or planned to make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, cre=
ated using new motion capture animation technologies he had been developing=
 in the 14 months leading up to December 2006.[74] Innovations include a ne=
w system for lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-cap=
ture stage or "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an im=
proved method of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance ca=
pture. To achieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull c=
aps fitted with a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the=
 information collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then tran=
smitted to computers.[81] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmm=
akers to transfer 100% of the actors' physical performances to their digita=
l counterparts.[82] Besides the performance capture data which were transfe=
rred directly to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital=
 artists multiple angles of each performance.[83] A technically challenging=
 scene was near the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri hel=
d the live action Jake in human form, and attention was given to the detail=
s of the shadows and reflected light between them.[84] The lead visual effe=
cts company was Weta Digital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 peop=
le to work on the film.[85] Because of the huge amount of data which needed=
 to be stored, cataloged and available for everybody involved, even on the =
other side of the world, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management=
 (DAM) system named Gaia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, wh=
ich allowed the crews to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the dig=
ital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) se=
rver farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor=
 cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storag=
e running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation=
 software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue manageme=
nt system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spot=
s in the TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers. A new tex=
turing and paint software system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry=
 in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the vi=
rtual world of Pandora required over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and=
 each minute of the final footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of st=
orage.[94] It would often take the computer several hours to render a singl=
e frame of the film.[95] To help finish preparing the special effects seque=
nces on time, a number of other companies were brought on board, including =
Industrial Light & Magic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the=
 battle sequences. ILM was responsible for the visual effects for many of t=
he film's specialized vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions=
.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Mus=
ic and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James=
 Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from=
 the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? See media h=
elp. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration with Ca=
meron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with=
 a small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He a=
lso worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music cultu=
re for the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take=
 place in early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that =
he would not work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly wor=
ked on the score from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the=
 process. He stated in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult fi=
lm I have worked on and the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner com=
posed the score as two different scores merged into one. He first created a=
 score that reflected the Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a se=
parate "traditional" score to drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewi=
s was chosen to sing the theme song for the film, called "I See You". An ac=
companying music video, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009,=
 on MySpace. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block=
-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D=
"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-ta=
ble-rspace: 0; word-break: break-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; =
padding-left: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; font-family: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,=
Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color:=
 #7da496; line-height: 1.2;"><p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-heigh=
t: inherit; margin: 0; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; mso-line-height=
-alt: 14.399999999999999px;">At times, our affiliate partners reach out to =
the Editors at Smart People Mail with special opportunities for our readers=
. The message below is one we think you should take a close, serious look a=
t.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"divider_block block-3" =
width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pre=
sentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 1px; padding=
-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignment" align=3D"center" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border-top: 1px solid #000;"><span style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr></table></div></td></t=
r></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=
=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color=
: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=
=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; =
font-weight: 400; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; bor=
der-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"t=
op"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpad=
ding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,=
sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; =
mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; marg=
in: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, =
in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his insp=
iration was "every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he=
 wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11=
] He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the F=
ields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature=
 clashes between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, w=
here a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially=
 fighting against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films suc=
h as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In=
 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe=
 in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images t=
hat came to be Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as Euro=
pean colonization of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his=
 unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previ=
ous films. He cited his script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially p=
roduced as a short film, as being the basis for many of the ideas and visua=
l designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, int=
elligence within nature, the idea of projecting force or consciousness usin=
g an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy corporate interests back=
ed up by military force, the story of a seemingly weaker group prevailing o=
ver a technologically superior force, and the good scientist were all estab=
lished and recurrent themes" from his earlier films including Aliens, The A=
byss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment=
 Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentacle" in The Abyss as an exa=
mple of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of...an alien life form..=
.in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108] Cameron also ci=
ted a number of works by other creators as "reference points and sources of=
 inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" films, 2001: =
A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting alien=
 life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and immerses=
 into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fight other=
 outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a human op=
erating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith's=
 short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and th=
e Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk n=
ovels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterlin=
g. The idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw =
Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "i=
ndigenous cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man=
 Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jung=
le Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tar=
zan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard =
Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, =
Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied=
, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In thi=
s film what that means is that the human technology in the future is capabl=
e of injecting a human's intelligence into a remotely located body, a biolo=
gical body."[10] Cameron also cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime =
Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remotely control, and transf=
er their personalities into, alien bodies.[109][110] For the love story bet=
ween characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme=
, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowled=
ged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his film Titanic. A=
n interviewer stated, "Both couples come from radically different cultures =
that are contemptuous of their relationship and are forced to choose sides =
between the competing communities."[113] Cameron described Neytiri as his "=
Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed the historical story of a "w=
hite outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's daughter, who becomes hi=
s guide to the tribe and to their special bond with nature."[108] Cameron f=
elt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love story would be perceived =
as believable partially hinged on the physical attractiveness of Neytiri's =
alien appearance, which was developed by considering her appeal to the all-=
male crew of artists.[114] Although Cameron felt Jake and Neytiri do not fa=
ll in love right away, their portrayers (Worthington and Saldana) felt the =
characters did. Cameron said the two actors "had a great chemistry" during =
filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle of a forest. Pandora's floating=
 "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by the Chinese Huangshan moun=
tains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Park For the film's floa=
ting "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspiration from "many diff=
erent types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone formations in Chin=
a."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the fictional floatin=
g rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow Mountain), Guilin,=
 Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron had noted the inf=
luence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating mountains.[117] T=
o create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pandora, production de=
signers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in the Gulf of =
Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed every aspec=
t of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with photorealistic=
 CGI during post-production. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbod=
y></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-6" align=3D"cen=
ter" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=
=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso=
-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=
=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-ta=
ble-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: =
0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#ff=
f"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-=
align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-r=
ight: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><=
table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,san=
s-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso=
-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin:=
 0;">The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and =
Empire released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] C=
ameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weave=
r appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comi=
c-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby=
 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the f=
ilm, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Camer=
on announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar D=
ay'. On this day, the trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The o=
fficial game trailer and toy line of the film were also unveiled on this da=
y.[131] The 129-second trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132]=
 The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, =
then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive=
 reviews.[133][134] An extended version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly =
positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Reporter said that audience expectatio=
ns were colored by "the [same] establishment skepticism that preceded Titan=
ic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for original storytellin=
g.[135] The teaser has been among the most viewed trailers in the history o=
f film marketing, reaching the first place of all trailers viewed on Apple.=
com with 4 million views.[136] On October 30, to celebrate the opening of t=
he first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to screen exclu=
sive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.[137] The three-and-a-half-m=
inute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1, 2009, during a Dall=
as Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on the Dia=
mond Vision screen, one of the world's largest video displays, and to TV au=
diences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the largest live motion p=
icture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-Cola Company collaborated =
with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to promote the film. The =
highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Specially marked bottle=
s and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a webcam, enabled users=
 to interact with the website's 3-D features using augmented reality (AR) t=
echnology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an episode of the Fox seri=
es Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Season 5, Episode 9). Av=
atar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the program, and is seen=
 in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the film.[140] A week pri=
or to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the film on Adult Swim whe=
n she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141] McDonald's had a pro=
motion mentioned in television commercials in Europe called "Avatarize your=
self", which encouraged people to go to the website set up by Oddcast, and =
use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Books Avatar: A=
 Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandora, a 224=
-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional setting of =
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the human=
s about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathi=
son. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar:=
 The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released o=
n November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
 artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lis=
a Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Cam=
eron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145]=
 In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-pa=
ge book that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 c=
olor photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said =
that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was relea=
sed.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a=
 prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the mo=
vie, but it would go into much more depth about all the stories that we did=
n't have time to deal with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that i=
s a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it =
was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels=
 to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited e=
dition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.=
 </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-2" width=3D=
"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentatio=
n" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: =
0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial=
,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"=
> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100%" st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse=
;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"t=
op" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <table border=
=3D"0" bgcolor=3D"#ffffff" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" width=3D"100=
%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: col=
lapse; margin: 0; padding: 0; max-width: 600px; width: 100%; background-col=
or: #ffffff;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; margin-top: 0; margin-bott=
om: 0; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; padding-top: 20px; padding-=
bottom: 20px;"> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" wid=
th=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 0; margin-right: =
0; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; padd=
ing-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; border-spacing: 0; border-collapse: collapse=
; min-width: 100%;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0; padding-right: 0; =
padding-left: 0; color: #000000; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, s=
ans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5;"> <span sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0; margin: 0; font-size: 18px; font-=
weight: 400; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-styl=
e: normal; line-height: 1.5; color: #000000;"> Has President Biden been cau=
ght in what could be the greatest deception of his term? <br style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Newly revealed =
video evidence points towards a grave act=E2=80=A6 <br style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> That might implicate =
him directly in an alarming "act of war." <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-h=
ide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0=
;">Following his accidental exposure to gamma rays while saving the life of=
 Rick Jones during the detonation of an experimental bomb, Banner is physic=
ally transformed into the Hulk when subjected to emotional stress, at or ag=
ainst his will. This transformation often leads to destructive rampages and=
 to conflicts that complicate Banner's civilian life. The Hulk's level of s=
trength is normally conveyed as proportionate to his level of anger. Common=
ly portrayed as a raging savage, the Hulk has been represented with other a=
lter egos, from a mindless, destructive force (War), to a brilliant warrior=
 (World-Breaker), a self-hating protector (the Devil/Immortal), a genius sc=
ientist in his own right (Doc Green), and a gangster (Joe Fixit). Despite b=
oth Hulk and Banner's desire for solitude, the character has a large suppor=
ting cast. This includes Banner's love interest Betty Ross, his best friend=
 Rick Jones, his cousin She-Hulk, and therapist and ally Doc Samson. In add=
ition, the Hulk alter ego has many key supporting characters, like his co-f=
ounders of the superhero team the Avengers, his queen Caiera, fellow warrio=
rs Korg and Miek, and sons Skaar and Hiro-Kala. However, his uncontrollable=
 power has brought him into conflict with his fellow heroes and others. Des=
pite this, he tries his best to do what's right while battling villains suc=
h as the Leader, the Abomination, the Absorbing Man, and more. Lee stated t=
hat the Hulk's creation was inspired by a combination of Frankenstein and D=
r. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.[4] Although the Hulk's coloration has varied throug=
hout the character's publication history, the most usual color is green. On=
e of the most iconic characters in popular culture,[5][6] the character has=
 appeared on a variety of merchandise, such as clothing and collectable ite=
ms, inspired real-world structures (such as theme park attractions), and be=
en referenced in a number of media. Banner and the Hulk have been adapted i=
n live-action, animated, and video game incarnations. The character was fir=
st played in live-action by Bill Bixby and Lou Ferrigno in the 1978 televis=
ion series The Incredible Hulk and its subsequent television films The Incr=
edible Hulk Returns (1988), The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989), and Th=
e Death of the Incredible Hulk (1990). In film, the character was played by=
 Eric Bana in Hulk (2003). In the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), the char=
acter was first portrayed by Edward Norton in the film The Incredible Hulk =
(2008) and then by Mark Ruffalo in later appearances in the franchise. Publ=
ication history Further information: List of Hulk titles Concept and creati=
on The Hulk first appeared in The Incredible Hulk #1 (cover dated May 1962)=
, written by writer-editor Stan Lee, penciled and co-plotted by Jack Kirby,=
[7][8] and inked by Paul Reinman. Lee cites influence from Frankenstein[9] =
and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Hulk's creation: It was patently apparen=
t that [the monstrous character the] Thing was the most popular character i=
n [Marvel's recently created superhero team the] Fantastic Four. ... For a =
long time, I'd been aware of the fact that people were more likely to favor=
 someone who was less than perfect. ... It's a safe bet that you remember Q=
uasimodo, but how easily can you name any of the heroic, handsomer, more gl=
amorous characters in The Hunchback of Notre Dame? And then there's Franken=
stein ... I've always had a soft spot in my heart for the Frankenstein mons=
ter. No one could ever convince me that he was the bad guy. ... He never wa=
nted to hurt anyone; he merely groped his torturous way through a second li=
fe trying to defend himself, trying to come to terms with those who sought =
to destroy him. ... I decided I might as well borrow from Dr. Jekyll and Mr=
. Hyde as well=E2=80=94our protagonist would constantly change from his nor=
mal identity to his superhuman alter ego and back again.[10] Hulk comic log=
o Kirby also stated the Frankenstein inspiration stating, "I did a story ca=
lled =E2=80=9CThe Hulk=E2=80=9D=E2=80=93 a small feature, and it was quite =
different from the Hulk that we know. But I felt that the Hulk had possibil=
ities, and I took this little character from the small feature and I transf=
ormed it into the Hulk that we know today. Of course, I was experimenting w=
ith it. I thought the Hulk might be a good-looking Frankenstein. I felt the=
re=E2=80=99s a Frankenstein in all of us; I=E2=80=99ve seen it demonstrated=
. And I felt that the Hulk had the element of truth in it, and anything to =
me with the element of truth is valid and the reader relates to that. And i=
f you dramatize it, the reader will enjoy it."[11] Kirby also commented upo=
n his influences in drawing the character, and recalled the inspiration of =
witnessing the hysterical strength of a mother lifting a car off her trappe=
d child.[12][13][14] Lee has also compared Hulk to the Golem of Jewish myth=
ology.[9] In The Science of Superheroes, Gresh and Weinberg see the Hulk as=
 a reaction to the Cold War[15] and the threat of nuclear attack, an interp=
retation shared by Weinstein in Up, Up and Oy Vey.[9] This interpretation c=
orresponds with other popularized fictional media created during this time =
period, which took advantage of the prevailing sense among Americans that n=
uclear power could produce monsters and mutants.[16] In the debut, Lee chos=
e grey for the Hulk because he wanted a color that did not suggest any part=
icular ethnic group.[17] Colorist Stan Goldberg, however, had problems with=
 the grey coloring, resulting in different shades of grey, and even green, =
in the issue. After seeing the first published issue, Lee chose to change t=
he skin color to green.[18] Green was used in retellings of the origin, wit=
h even reprints of the original story being recolored for the next two deca=
des, until The Incredible Hulk vol. 2, #302 (December 1984) reintroduced th=
e grey Hulk in flashbacks set close to the origin story. An exception is th=
e early trade paperback, Origins of Marvel Comics, from 1974, which explain=
s the difficulties in keeping the grey color consistent in a Stan Lee-writt=
en prologue, and reprints the origin story keeping the grey coloration. Sin=
ce December 1984, reprints of the first issue have displayed the original g=
rey coloring, with the fictional canon specifying that the Hulk's skin had =
initially been grey. Lee gave the Hulk's alter ego the alliterative name "B=
ruce Banner" because he found he had less difficulty remembering alliterati=
ve names. Despite this, in later stories he misremembered the character's n=
ame and referred to him as "Bob Banner", an error which readers quickly pic=
ked up on.[19] The discrepancy was resolved by giving the character the off=
icial full name "Robert Bruce Banner."[1] The Hulk got his name from a comi=
c book character named The Heap who was a large green swamp monster. </div>=
 The implications of this could spell danger for countless Americans. <br s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <s=
trong style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">We issue a stern <strong style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 400; color: #FF0000;">WARNING</strong>:=
 the content you're about to witness is of a highly controversial nature.</=
strong> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: bor=
der-box;"> The truth demands to be seen. <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smar=
tpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3D6dfcb9b1=
ff89438991a4a60097e44af8&_e=3Dbwh9xrLKwoscp2qfHf-x4DsJP_HlACXMTG_mW4UAMlGiY=
nFW__AoshBtGHlD2NIS2QmeTEyzRXx5V9zhJkb_G6xi783wrNj1wwQ5bnzoQn2h_Ffo1sLil1xl=
v0FcB4EJKZGZGK09BpimRbP_LKvwtb0YdYOG14UpDVqv01dfs836NwYGQsnL3TAS0Qj-25EWtFU=
Ks_VMT4nyzvtRFXhFsBSIpCN53e5MLpWiHxOQaDWrk3zoE8MPQ7ahgf34w-Zy" target=3D"_b=
lank" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Robot=
o', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; line-height: 1.5; tex=
t-decoration: underline; font-weight: 700;">Uncover it here >></a> <br styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Regar=
ds, <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"> Jim Rickards, <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">Editor, Paradigm=
 Press </span> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </tabl=
e></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-3" width=3D"100%=
" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><=
tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helv=
etica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0p=
x; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0;=
 line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Initial screening Avatar premiered in London o=
n December 10, 2009, and was released theatrically worldwide from December =
16 to 18.[156] The film was originally set for release on May 22, 2009, dur=
ing filming[157] but was pushed back to allow more post-production time (th=
e last shots were delivered in November)[80] and give more time for theater=
s worldwide to install 3D projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's a=
spect ratio would be 1.78:1 for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would=
 be extracted for 2D screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was=
 approved for use with constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that in=
crease in width to display 2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing =
in Germany on December 16, the movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctione=
d, and some copies delivered weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters=
. The problems were fixed in time for the public premiere.[162] Avatar was =
released in a total of 3,457 theaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters sh=
owed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance ticket sales for Avatar were fo=
r 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,604 s=
creens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (prod=
ucing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165] The film was simultaneousl=
y presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178 theaters in the United States=
 on December 18. The international IMAX release included 58 theaters beginn=
ing on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to be added in the coming wee=
ks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest to date, a total of 261 =
theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening was Harry Potter and t=
he Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and abou=
t 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and later released =
Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells of explosives, s=
prinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original release In July =
2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical rereleas=
e of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D.[1=
68] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of footage,=
 all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[170] and =
various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[169] =
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the th=
en-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time f=
or the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes co=
st more than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-=
week re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 milli=
on in North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $3=
3.2 million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allo=
wing it to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of=
 all time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by=
 Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, wit=
h the film being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at=
 a high frame rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to t=
he December 2022 premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Pri=
or to this, Cameron previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017=
 when promoting the Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there =
were plans in the works to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-relea=
se it in Dolby Cinema. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></ta=
ble></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center" w=
idth=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pres=
entation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-r=
space: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-co=
ntent stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace=
: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: =
#000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td=
 class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: lef=
t; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: =
0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valig=
n=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><d=
iv style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helve=
tica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hid=
den; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0;=
 margin: 0;">Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the fi=
lm on DVD and Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on Ap=
ril 26.[176] The US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was do=
ne to coincide with Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does =
not contain any supplemental features other than the theatrical film and th=
e disc menu in favor of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. Th=
e release also preserves the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron =
felt that was the best format to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc cont=
ains DRM (BD+ 5) which some Blu-ray players might not support without a fir=
mware update.[179][180] Avatar set a first-day launch record in the U.S. fo=
r Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million units sold, breaking the record previously h=
eld by The Dark Knight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sale=
s combined were over four million units sold.[181] In its first four days o=
f release, sales of Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United Sta=
tes and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking The Dark Knight to become the best ever=
 selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][183] The release later broke t=
he Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following week.[184] In its first thr=
ee weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray =
discs combined, a new record for sales in that period.[185] As of July 18, =
2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sol=
d with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar retained its record as the top-=
selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, when it was surpassed =
by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edition=
 on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. Three different vers=
ions of the film are present on the discs: the original theatrical cut (162=
 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a collector's extende=
d cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across two discs, while t=
he Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collector's extended =
cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer th=
an the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, and i=
n a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening". He =
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut b=
efore the film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an addi=
tional 45 minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initiall=
y stated that Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the =
studio issued a correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will=
 not be out on 3D Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that t=
he 3D version would be released some time in 2011.[185] It was later reveal=
ed that Fox had given Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray ver=
sion and only with the purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasoni=
c's exclusivity period is stated to last until February 2012.[191] On Octob=
er 2010, Cameron stated that the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final v=
ersion of the film's home release and that it was "maybe one, two years out=
".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Avatar had its 3D television world premiere =
on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook th=
at Avatar would be released globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D ver=
sion was finally released on October 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical resp=
onse On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive,=
 and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might be=
 more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, but =
Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing f=
ilmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean scor=
e =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indi=
cating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the f=
ilm an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed=
 was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that the main=
 draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Ti=
mes called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of four. "Wa=
tching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977," he=
 said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship=
 of the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it=
 "is not simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a te=
chnical breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A=
. O. Scott of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the fi=
rst time he viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little b=
it ... obvious," it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarth=
y of Variety praised the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sight=
s on creating another world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place =
worth visiting."[204] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the fil=
m a positive review. "The screen is alive with more action and the soundtra=
ck pops with more robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care=
 to mention," he stated.[205] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar=
 a three-and-a-half out of four star rating and wrote in his print review "=
It extends the possibilities of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may ju=
st be as big as his dreams."[206] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought =
that the film was "the most vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy worl=
d ever seen in the history of moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the L=
os Angeles Times thought the film has "powerful" visual accomplishments but=
 "flat dialogue" and "obvious characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of=
 ReelViews praised the film and its story, giving it four out of four stars=
; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film eleme=
nts =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. =
=E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D vers=
ion an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlying =
social and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New Yo=
rk Press wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misre=
present facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russe=
ll D. Moore of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the =
film" and stated "If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to st=
and and applaud the defeat of their country in war, then you've got some am=
azing special effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more posi=
tive about the film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century v=
ersion of the American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Lat=
in America vs. United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opine=
d that the film is "Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's=
 religion of choice for a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The=
 Tennessean called the film a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirit=
uality in general",[215] and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the co=
ntrary, commended the film's message for its overall consistency with the t=
eachings of Hinduism in the Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concl=
uded that Avatar is another film that has the recurring "fantasy about race=
" whereby "some white guy" becomes the "most awesome" member of a non-white=
 culture.[217] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the s=
eason's ideological Rorschach blot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Sydne=
y Morning Herald thought that "It [was] impossible to watch Avatar without =
being banged over the head with the director's ideological hammer."[219] Ni=
desh Lawtoo believed that an essential, yet less visible social theme that =
contributed to Avatar's success concerns contemporary fascinations with vir=
tual avatars and "the transition from the world of reality to that of virtu=
al reality".[220] Critics and audiences have cited similarities with other =
films, literature or media, describing the perceived connections in ways ra=
nging from simple "borrowing" to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston=
 Globe called it "the same movie" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances w=
ith Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as being a "white savior" movie, =
in which a "backwards" native people is impotent without the leadership of =
a member of the invading white culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concept =
and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe", i=
n which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit to control an artificial b=
ody on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar=
 has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and B=
oris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on a forested world call=
ed Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the Nave.[226] Various=
 reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest,[=
227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Edition =
has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one commentator stating =
that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[231]=
 Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that most closely rese=
mbles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is Fores=
t (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who happily =
inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until they are at=
tacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that the only=
 good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor Gard=
ner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "mash=
-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources sa=
w similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic image=
s of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Cam=
eron and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean =
sought damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hol=
lywood Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases=
.[236] Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg p=
raising it as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since S=
tar Wars" and others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master clas=
s", and "brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is=
 also a noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "=
It's not in my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the fi=
lm did you have any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French =
filmmaker Luc Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adap=
tation of the graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technol=
ogically supports the scope of its source material, with Besson even throwi=
ng his original script in the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[2=
39] TIME ranked Avatar number 3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of=
 the Millennium (Thus Far)"[240] also earning it a spot on the magazine's A=
ll-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of =
the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time. </div></div></td></tr> </table></td><=
/tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-8" al=
ign=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace=
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g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background=
-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 a=
uto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
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ace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cla=
ss=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
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 center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: n=
one; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: =
0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;"> After the film=
's release and unusually strong box office performance over its first two w=
eeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic's worldw=
ide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[294] O=
ther films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing Tita=
nic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the fir=
st film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by high=
er ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its success t=
o box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they man=
age anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second.=
 Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Der=
garabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is ju=
st unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a miscalculat=
ion."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldwide gross, =
but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's films =
flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296] Brando=
n Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances of bec=
oming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it was=
 too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sa=
id, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film=
 is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 =
cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was reali=
stic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some =
kind of chord" and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He=
 changed his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a mat=
ter of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other =
epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the S=
tar Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest themselves =
in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. They w=
ant to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on the success of A=
vatar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar's succes=
s is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have been adv=
anced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground for the year's we=
akest films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron himself said he d=
ecided to open the film in December so that it would have less competition =
from then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same January predicta=
bility, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avatar est=
ablished itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this point, people wh=
o are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if the sla=
te was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor" also helped. =
Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in the the=
aters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same experi=
ence at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets.com.[=
300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international viewings helpe=
d. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tracked] =
similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in all of =
them", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest receipts i=
n 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoers" th=
an before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 billion =
in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the total 200=
9 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an average of $2 =
to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[300] Likewise, =
Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses but also t=
o its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up to $1=
8.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was the=
 possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no ba=
sis in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and=
 even more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its=
 story and themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the othe=
r top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an=
 established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was=
 a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a com=
bined production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, th=
e film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td></tr></table><=
/td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></tabl=
e><!-- End --></body></html>
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