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Widespread shortages, skyrocketing energy prices, and the crippling inflati=
on=20
that gripped the nation=E2=80=A6


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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


This is a must-watch video for every American.=20
<https://www.bropom.com/TM0298/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/EPBD22>=20

 A former CIA Economist has just released a groundbreaking expose=E2=80=A6=
=20

 That sheds new light on the Biden administration's current turmoil.=20

 You're likely aware of the surface issues =E2=80=93 the Afghanistan fiasco=
, the war=20
in Ukraine=E2=80=A6

Robert Bruce Banner's psyche was profoundly affected by his troubled=20
childhood, in which his father, Brian Banner, regarded him as a monster due=
 to=20
his seemingly unnatural intellect from a young age.[50] These experiences=
=20
caused Bruce to develop a dissociative identity disorder and repress his=20
negative emotions as a coping mechanism. After Brian killed Bruce's mother =
in a=20
fit of rage,[51] Bruce lived with several relatives up until his high schoo=
l=20
years, when his intelligence caught the attention of the United States=20
Army.[52] Banner was recruited to develop nuclear weapons under the authori=
ty=20
of General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, and soon developed a relationship w=
ith=20
the General's daughter Betty Ross.[53] During the experimental detonation o=
f a=20
gamma bomb, Banner saves teenager Rick Jones, who was dared onto the testin=
g=20
field; Banner pushes Jones into a trench to save him, but is hit with the=
=20
blast, absorbing massive amounts of gamma radiation. He awakens later seemi=
ngly=20
unscathed, but he begins transforming into a powerful and destructive creat=
ure=20
upon nightfall, which a pursuing soldier describes as a "hulk".[53] Banner'=
s=20
attempts to cure himself of these transformations alter their conditions,=
=20
causing Banner to transform as a response to rage or fear.[54] The Hulk is =
a=20
founding member of the Avengers,[55] but quickly leaves the group due to th=
eir=20
distrust of him.[56] Banner maintains the secret of his dual identity with=
=20
Rick's aid, but Rick reveals his secret following his assumed death, forcin=
g=20
Banner to become a fugitive.[57] Psychiatrist Doc Samson captures the Hulk =
and=20
manages to physically separate Banner and the Hulk,[58] allowing Banner to=
=20
marry Betty.[59] However, Banner and the Hulk's molecular structure=20
destabilized and threatened to kill them, requiring Samson to reunite them =
with=20
the aid of Vision.[60] Samson is later able to merge elements of Banner's=
=20
fractured psyche to create Professor Hulk, an intelligent but egocentric=20
variation of the Hulk.[51] Professor Hulk soon becomes a key member of the=
=20
Pantheon, a secretive organization of superpowered individuals.[61][62] His=
=20
tenure with the organization brings him into conflict with a tyrannical=20
alternate future version of himself called the Maestro, who rules over a wo=
rld=20
where many heroes are dead.[63] The Professor Hulk construct ultimately pro=
ves=20
unstable, and Banner's psyche eventually splinters once more. In "Planet Hu=
lk",=20
the Illuminati decide the Hulk is too dangerous to remain on Earth and send=
 him=20
away by rocket ship which crashes on Planet Sakaar. The Hulk finds allies i=
n=20
the Warbound and marries alien queen Caiera, a relationship that bears him =
two=20
sons: Skaar and Hiro-Kala.[64] After the Illuminati's ship explodes and kil=
ls=20
Caiera, the Hulk returns to Earth with his superhero group Warbound and=20
declares war on the planet in "World War Hulk".[65] However, after learning=
=20
that Miek, one of the Warbound, had actually been responsible for the=20
destruction, the Hulk allows himself to be defeated, with Banner subsequent=
ly=20
redeeming himself as a hero as he works with and against the new Red Hulk t=
o=20
defeat the new supervillain team the Intelligencia.[66] Later, the Hulk tur=
ns=20
to Doctor Doom to physically separate himself and Banner, with Doom surgica=
lly=20
extracting the elements of the Hulk's brain uniquely belonging to Banner an=
d=20
inserting them into a clone body.[67] Banner eventually re-combines with th=
e=20
Hulk when his cloned body is destroyed in an attempt to recreate his origin=
al=20
transformation.[68] Following this, Bruce willingly joins the spy organizat=
ion=20
S.H.I.E.L.D., allowing them to use the Hulk as a weapon in exchange for=20
providing him with the means and funding to create a lasting legacy for=20
himself.[69] When Banner is shot in the head by an assassin, Tony Stark sav=
es=20
him with a variant of the Extremis virus.[70] This procedure creates a new=
=20
intelligent persona named Doc Green, who concludes that the world is in dan=
ger=20
by Gamma Mutates and thus need to be depowered. He creates a cure and depow=
ers=20
A-Bomb, Skaar and Red Hulk. Eventually, Doc Green's intellect fades and his=
=20
normal Hulk form is restored.[71] When the vision of the Inhuman Ulysses sh=
ows=20
a rampaging Hulk standing over the corpses of many superheroes,[72] Banner=
=20
gives Hawkeye special arrows capable of killing him during a transformation=
,=20
which Hawkeye accomplishes.[73] The Hulk was first revived by the Hand,[74]=
=20
then by Hydra,[75] and finally by the Challenger for a contest against the=
=20
Grandmaster.[76] Personality Like other long-lived characters, the Hulk's=
=20
character and cultural interpretations have changed with time, adding or=20
modifying character traits. The Hulk is typically seen as a hulking man wit=
h=20
green skin, hair, and eyes, wearing only a pair of torn purple pants that=
=20
survive his physical transformation as the character progressed. As Bruce=
=20
Banner, the character is about 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall and weighs 128 lbs=
=20
(58.05 kg), but when transformed into the Hulk, the character stands betwee=
n 7=20
and 8 ft (2.13 - 2.43 m) tall and weighs between 1,040 and 1,400 lbs (471.7=
3 -=20
635.02 kg). The Gray Hulk stands 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) tall and weighs 900 lbs=
=20
(408.23 kg); the Merged Hulk stands 7 ft 6 in (2.28 m) tall and weighs 1,15=
0=20
lbs (521.63 kg); the Green Scar stands 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m) tall and weighs 2=
,400=20
lbs (1.08 ton).[77] The Immortal Hulk is roughly the same size as Sasquatch=
,=20
standing around 9 or 10 ft (2.74 / 3.04 m) tall and weighing roughly 2,000 =
lbs=20
(907.18 kg). Following his debut, Banner's transformations were triggered a=
t=20
nightfall, turning him into a grey-skinned Hulk. In Incredible Hulk #2, the=
=20
Hulk started to appear with green skin,[78] and in Avengers #3 (1963) Banne=
r=20
realized that his transformations were now triggered by surges of adrenalin=
e in=20
response to feelings of fear, pain or anger.[79] Incredible Hulk #227 (1978=
)=20
established that the Hulk's separate identity was not due to the mutation=
=20
affecting his brain, but because Banner was suffering from dissociative=20
identity disorder, with the savage Green Hulk representing Banner's repress=
ed=20
childhood rage and aggression,[80] and the Grey Hulk representing Banner's=
=20
repressed selfish desires and urges.[81] Identities Bruce Banner During his=
=20
decades of publication, Banner has been portrayed differently, but common=
=20
themes persist. Banner, a physicist who earned his Ph.D. in nuclear physics=
=20
from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), is sarcastic and=20
seemingly very self-assured when he first appears in Incredible Hulk #1, bu=
t is=20
also emotionally withdrawn.[4] Banner designed the gamma bomb that caused h=
is=20
affliction, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been one of=
 the=20
most persistent common themes.[9] Arie Kaplan describes the character thus:=
=20
"Robert Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, always wary that t=
he=20
monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he cannot form meaningful bond=
s=20
with anyone."[82] As a child, Banner's father Brian often got mad and=20
physically abused both Banner and his mother, creating the psychological=20
complex of fear, anger, and the fear of anger and the destruction it can ca=
use=20
that underlies the character. Banner has been shown to be emotionally=20
repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solving problem=
s=20
posed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a=
=20
capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation to figure ou=
t=20
the events transpiring around him. On the occasions that Banner controlled =
the=20
Hulk's body, he applied principles of physics to problems and challenges an=
d=20
used deductive reasoning. It was shown after his ability to turn into the H=
ulk=20
was taken away by the red Hulk that Banner has been extremely versatile as =
well=20
as cunning when dealing with the many situations that followed. When he was=
=20
briefly separated from the Hulk by Doom, Banner became criminally insane,=
=20
driven by his desire to regain the power of the Hulk, but once the two=20
recombined he came to accept that he was a better person with the Hulk to=
=20
provide something for him to focus on controlling rather than allowing his=
=20
intellect to run without restraint against the world. Widespread shortages,=
=20
skyrocketing energy prices, and the crippling inflation that gripped the na=
tion=E2=80=A6

 However, this expose delves deeper, revealing that the situation under the=
=20
Biden administration is far more severe than previously thought.

For those with investments in the market, understanding this revelation is=
=20
crucial.=20

>>The time to act and stay informed is now. =20
<https://www.bropom.com/TM0298/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/EPBD22>=20

Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_778524_1521151960.1706902496057
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gn=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace:=
 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table =
class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
 cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; m=
so-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-rad=
ius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=
=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400=
; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: =
top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" ali=
gn=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100=
%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;">=
<tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Hel=
vetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><di=
v style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0=
px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0=
; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography for Avatar began in Apr=
il 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybr=
id with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-generated cha=
racters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the audience =
has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The director indicated=
 that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for the film=
.[66] The live action was shot with a modified version of the proprietary d=
igital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] I=
n January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would be done=
 at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion that a 3-D film r=
equires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable.[68] According t=
o Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements and 40% =
live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photogra=
phy lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angel=
es.[54][70] Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone Street S=
tudios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days.[71] More than a tho=
usand people worked on the production.[70] In preparation of the filming se=
quences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific to thei=
r characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and hand-to-ha=
nd combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na'vi languag=
e created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film, Cameron also sent the=
 cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainfore=
st setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron m=
ade use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-capture=
 filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in their dig=
ital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and direct =
scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, "It's like a =
big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change my per=
spective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature and go =
through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventional techniques, the comp=
lete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the actors is=
 complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or importa=
nce of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeated camer=
a and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scenes do no=
t need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the system as a =
"form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountain or th=
e sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the element=
s".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson a =
chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to think of =
it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture brings the=
 director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only know wh=
en they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas were al=
so able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] To=
 film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera refer=
red to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the =
virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the sim=
ulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scr=
atch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality =
and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to instru=
ct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due t=
o Cameron's personal convictions about climate change, he allowed only plan=
t-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div></td></tr> </table></=
td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-4=
" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-ls=
pace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"><tbody style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" bo=
rder=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; backg=
round-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: 600px; margin=
: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1"=
 width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-t=
able-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; pa=
dding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border=
-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"=
html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-l=
space: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td c=
lass=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-alig=
n: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display:=
 none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height=
: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">A number of i=
nnovative visual effects techniques were used during production. According =
to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to allow the =
techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequately portr=
ay his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of phot=
orealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capture =
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive =
areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six tim=
es larger than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing fac=
ial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face cap=
turing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera =
positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about t=
heir facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] Acco=
rding to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the =
actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides th=
e performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers=
, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of ea=
ch performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the=
 film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in huma=
n form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected=
 light between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital i=
n Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Be=
cause of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and a=
vailable for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new=
 cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was c=
reated by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep =
track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render=
 Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 =
Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of R=
AM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid E=
ngine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar'=
s RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The=
 render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the wo=
rld's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software syst=
em, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91]=
[92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora require=
d over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final foot=
age for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take=
 the computer several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To he=
lp finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of othe=
r companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, whic=
h worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was res=
ponsible for the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles=
 and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film=
's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article=
: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters=
 His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the score of the 2009 film Av=
atar. Problems playing this file? See media help. Composer James Horner sco=
red the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and Titanic=
.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singing in the=
 alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also worked with Wanda Bryant, =
an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race.[100] Th=
e first scoring sessions were planned to take place in early 2009.[101] Dur=
ing production, Horner promised Cameron that he would not work on any other=
 project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the score from four in =
the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stated in an inte=
rview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on and the bi=
ggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two differe=
nt scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected the Na'v=
i way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score to =
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
 song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, direct=
ed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace. </div></div></td>=
</tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0=
" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; word-break: bre=
ak-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 2px; padding-rig=
ht: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fami=
ly: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-serif; mso-=
line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7da496; line-height: 1.2;"><=
p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: 0; text-al=
ign: center; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px;">At times, our affi=
liate partners reach out to the Editors at&nbsp;<strong style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;">Smart People Mail</strong>&nbsp;with special opportunities f=
or our readers. The message below is one we think you should take a close, =
serious look at.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"divider_b=
lock block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"=
0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace:=
 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=
=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left=
: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignment" alig=
n=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" cellpadd=
ing=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border-top: 1px solid #000=
;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr></table>=
</div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table=
><table class=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center"=
 border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; bac=
kground-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0=
 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" wi=
dth=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-tabl=
e-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; borde=
r-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left=
" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica N=
eue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; ove=
rflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-=
height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of s=
elf-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Camero=
n said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I read as a k=
id" and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Ca=
rter series.[11] He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films A=
t Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke=
, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances=
 with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture h=
e was initially fighting against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's =
anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of P=
andora.[106] In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration that intend=
ed to "describe in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, storyline=
s, and images that came to be Avatar."[107] In addition to historical event=
s (such as European colonization of the Americas), his life experiences and=
 several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections between Avata=
r and his previous films. He cited his script and concept art for Xenogenes=
is, partially produced as a short film, as being the basis for many of the =
ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar's "concepts of a =
world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of projecting force or con=
sciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy corporate=
 interests backed up by military force, the story of a seemingly weaker gro=
up prevailing over a technologically superior force, and the good scientist=
 were all established and recurrent themes" from his earlier films includin=
g Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator and Termina=
tor 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentacle" in The =
Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of...an al=
ien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108] =
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite=
" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution afte=
r meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounte=
rs and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group=
 to fight other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concep=
t of a human operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from Georg=
e Henry Smith's short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel =
The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading =
the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net b=
y Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solari=
s by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about people inte=
racting with "indigenous cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with =
Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicin=
e Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John=
 Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stor=
ies by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with =
Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Avatar, to w=
hich he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods taking a fle=
sh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology in the f=
uture is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remotely locate=
d body, a biological body."[10] Cameron also cited the Japanese cyberpunk m=
anga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remotely cont=
rol, and transfer their personalities into, alien bodies.[109][110] For the=
 love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a star-cro=
ssed love theme, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and Juliet.[10=
8] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose from his =
film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come from radically diff=
erent cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are forced t=
o choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron described N=
eytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed the historica=
l story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's daughter,=
 who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with nature."=
[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love story woul=
d be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attractivenes=
s of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by considering her app=
eal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Cameron felt Jake and Ne=
ytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthington and Sal=
dana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two actors "had a great che=
mistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle of a forest. Pan=
dora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by the Chinese=
 Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Park For =
the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspiration =
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone for=
mations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the fi=
ctional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow Mou=
ntain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron ha=
d noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating mo=
untains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pandora=
, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform =
in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and fil=
med every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=
 photorealistic CGI during post-production. </div></div></td></tr></table><=
/td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-=
6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-l=
space: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><t=
r style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; bord=
er-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgc=
olor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight:=
 400; text-align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: =
0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valig=
n=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><d=
iv style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helve=
tica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hid=
den; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0;=
 margin: 0;">The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[1=
24] and Empire released exclusive images from the film in its October issue=
.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourn=
ey Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Di=
ego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] =
in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promo=
te the film, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. Jam=
es Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be '=
Avatar Day'. On this day, the trailer was released in all theatrical format=
s. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were also unveiled on=
 this day.[131] The 129-second trailer was released online on August 20, 20=
09.[132] The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters on October 23=
, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to =
positive reviews.[133][134] An extended version in IMAX 3D received overwhe=
lmingly positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Reporter said that audience ex=
pectations were colored by "the [same] establishment skepticism that preced=
ed Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for original sto=
rytelling.[135] The teaser has been among the most viewed trailers in the h=
istory of film marketing, reaching the first place of all trailers viewed o=
n Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On October 30, to celebrate the open=
ing of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar Cinema to scre=
en exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.[137] The three-and-=
a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1, 2009, durin=
g a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, on=
 the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest video displays, and =
to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the largest live =
motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-Cola Company colla=
borated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to promote the fi=
lm. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Specially marke=
d bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a webcam, enabl=
ed users to interact with the website's 3-D features using augmented realit=
y (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an episode of the =
Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Season 5, Episod=
e 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the program, and=
 is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the film.[140] A =
week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the film on Adult =
Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141] McDonald's h=
ad a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe called "Avatar=
ize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up by Oddca=
st, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Books A=
vatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pandor=
a, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional set=
ting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on Nove=
mber 24, 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by t=
he humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Di=
rk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's=
 Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was re=
leased on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed pr=
oduction artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustration=
s by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the forew=
ord, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the prefa=
ce.[145] In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, =
a 272-page book that detailed the film's production process and contains ov=
er 500 color photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Camer=
on said that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film w=
as released.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron=
 plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story o=
f the movie, but it would go into much more depth about all the stories tha=
t we didn't have time to deal with", saying that "Jim wants to write a nove=
l that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things".[148] In August =
2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen four standalon=
e novels to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance Post released a special l=
imited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide =
release. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-2" =
width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pre=
sentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fam=
ily: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=
=3D"center"> <table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <tr style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"> <table bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-w=
idth: 600px;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px;">=
 <table border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
max-width: 100%;"> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sa=
ns-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-he=
ight: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;" align=3D"left"> <span style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-s=
erif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height=
: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smart=
peoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3D4cc3481aa=
07a42aeba74efc914cf3a70&_e=3DbUMRBXFzMCU0oY2HKPJnwYoJyYgp7z5XZjcz6q2xXU_JHT=
8ruhN84SSPXbN34DpitWTcAYSvZFiVYQVJVt__Jymx9Ru_bB7i0BRCIUUSpNCuwCWz3qbhbNXuV=
CMiN1-w6YjauKws3aZmE7HVpgAec-6W34dsUCkQST32y7G3s-_iV2ftk6iJXFDOWmGwV9pGA1YM=
rsjnVC9JwQYcikrmjB06t4sBvbJAgey-7oU99_hOMHn19ioMiixW0992Qpg8" style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; te=
xt-decoration: underline; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700;">This is a mus=
t-watch video for every American.</a> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> A former CIA Economist has just rel=
eased a groundbreaking expose=E2=80=A6 <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> That sheds new light on the Biden =
administration's current turmoil. <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> You're likely aware of the surface issu=
es =E2=80=93 the Afghanistan fiasco, the war in Ukraine=E2=80=A6 <br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; =
overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; li=
ne-height: 0; margin: 0;">Robert Bruce Banner's psyche was profoundly affec=
ted by his troubled childhood, in which his father, Brian Banner, regarded =
him as a monster due to his seemingly unnatural intellect from a young age.=
[50] These experiences caused Bruce to develop a dissociative identity diso=
rder and repress his negative emotions as a coping mechanism. After Brian k=
illed Bruce's mother in a fit of rage,[51] Bruce lived with several relativ=
es up until his high school years, when his intelligence caught the attenti=
on of the United States Army.[52] Banner was recruited to develop nuclear w=
eapons under the authority of General Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross, and soon=
 developed a relationship with the General's daughter Betty Ross.[53] Durin=
g the experimental detonation of a gamma bomb, Banner saves teenager Rick J=
ones, who was dared onto the testing field; Banner pushes Jones into a tren=
ch to save him, but is hit with the blast, absorbing massive amounts of gam=
ma radiation. He awakens later seemingly unscathed, but he begins transform=
ing into a powerful and destructive creature upon nightfall, which a pursui=
ng soldier describes as a "hulk".[53] Banner's attempts to cure himself of =
these transformations alter their conditions, causing Banner to transform a=
s a response to rage or fear.[54] The Hulk is a founding member of the Aven=
gers,[55] but quickly leaves the group due to their distrust of him.[56] Ba=
nner maintains the secret of his dual identity with Rick's aid, but Rick re=
veals his secret following his assumed death, forcing Banner to become a fu=
gitive.[57] Psychiatrist Doc Samson captures the Hulk and manages to physic=
ally separate Banner and the Hulk,[58] allowing Banner to marry Betty.[59] =
However, Banner and the Hulk's molecular structure destabilized and threate=
ned to kill them, requiring Samson to reunite them with the aid of Vision.[=
60] Samson is later able to merge elements of Banner's fractured psyche to =
create Professor Hulk, an intelligent but egocentric variation of the Hulk.=
[51] Professor Hulk soon becomes a key member of the Pantheon, a secretive =
organization of superpowered individuals.[61][62] His tenure with the organ=
ization brings him into conflict with a tyrannical alternate future version=
 of himself called the Maestro, who rules over a world where many heroes ar=
e dead.[63] The Professor Hulk construct ultimately proves unstable, and Ba=
nner's psyche eventually splinters once more. In "Planet Hulk", the Illumin=
ati decide the Hulk is too dangerous to remain on Earth and send him away b=
y rocket ship which crashes on Planet Sakaar. The Hulk finds allies in the =
Warbound and marries alien queen Caiera, a relationship that bears him two =
sons: Skaar and Hiro-Kala.[64] After the Illuminati's ship explodes and kil=
ls Caiera, the Hulk returns to Earth with his superhero group Warbound and =
declares war on the planet in "World War Hulk".[65] However, after learning=
 that Miek, one of the Warbound, had actually been responsible for the dest=
ruction, the Hulk allows himself to be defeated, with Banner subsequently r=
edeeming himself as a hero as he works with and against the new Red Hulk to=
 defeat the new supervillain team the Intelligencia.[66] Later, the Hulk tu=
rns to Doctor Doom to physically separate himself and Banner, with Doom sur=
gically extracting the elements of the Hulk's brain uniquely belonging to B=
anner and inserting them into a clone body.[67] Banner eventually re-combin=
es with the Hulk when his cloned body is destroyed in an attempt to recreat=
e his original transformation.[68] Following this, Bruce willingly joins th=
e spy organization S.H.I.E.L.D., allowing them to use the Hulk as a weapon =
in exchange for providing him with the means and funding to create a lastin=
g legacy for himself.[69] When Banner is shot in the head by an assassin, T=
ony Stark saves him with a variant of the Extremis virus.[70] This procedur=
e creates a new intelligent persona named Doc Green, who concludes that the=
 world is in danger by Gamma Mutates and thus need to be depowered. He crea=
tes a cure and depowers A-Bomb, Skaar and Red Hulk. Eventually, Doc Green's=
 intellect fades and his normal Hulk form is restored.[71] When the vision =
of the Inhuman Ulysses shows a rampaging Hulk standing over the corpses of =
many superheroes,[72] Banner gives Hawkeye special arrows capable of killin=
g him during a transformation, which Hawkeye accomplishes.[73] The Hulk was=
 first revived by the Hand,[74] then by Hydra,[75] and finally by the Chall=
enger for a contest against the Grandmaster.[76] Personality Like other lon=
g-lived characters, the Hulk's character and cultural interpretations have =
changed with time, adding or modifying character traits. The Hulk is typica=
lly seen as a hulking man with green skin, hair, and eyes, wearing only a p=
air of torn purple pants that survive his physical transformation as the ch=
aracter progressed. As Bruce Banner, the character is about 5 ft 9 in (1.75=
 m) tall and weighs 128 lbs (58.05 kg), but when transformed into the Hulk,=
 the character stands between 7 and 8 ft (2.13 - 2.43 m) tall and weighs be=
tween 1,040 and 1,400 lbs (471.73 - 635.02 kg). The Gray Hulk stands 6 ft 6=
 in (1.98 m) tall and weighs 900 lbs (408.23 kg); the Merged Hulk stands 7 =
ft 6 in (2.28 m) tall and weighs 1,150 lbs (521.63 kg); the Green Scar stan=
ds 8 ft 8 in (2.64 m) tall and weighs 2,400 lbs (1.08 ton).[77] The Immorta=
l Hulk is roughly the same size as Sasquatch, standing around 9 or 10 ft (2=
.74 / 3.04 m) tall and weighing roughly 2,000 lbs (907.18 kg). Following hi=
s debut, Banner's transformations were triggered at nightfall, turning him =
into a grey-skinned Hulk. In Incredible Hulk #2, the Hulk started to appear=
 with green skin,[78] and in Avengers #3 (1963) Banner realized that his tr=
ansformations were now triggered by surges of adrenaline in response to fee=
lings of fear, pain or anger.[79] Incredible Hulk #227 (1978) established t=
hat the Hulk's separate identity was not due to the mutation affecting his =
brain, but because Banner was suffering from dissociative identity disorder=
, with the savage Green Hulk representing Banner's repressed childhood rage=
 and aggression,[80] and the Grey Hulk representing Banner's repressed self=
ish desires and urges.[81] Identities Bruce Banner During his decades of pu=
blication, Banner has been portrayed differently, but common themes persist=
. Banner, a physicist who earned his Ph.D. in nuclear physics from the Cali=
fornia Institute of Technology (Caltech), is sarcastic and seemingly very s=
elf-assured when he first appears in Incredible Hulk #1, but is also emotio=
nally withdrawn.[4] Banner designed the gamma bomb that caused his afflicti=
on, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been one of the mos=
t persistent common themes.[9] Arie Kaplan describes the character thus: "R=
obert Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, always wary that the=
 monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he cannot form meaningful bon=
ds with anyone."[82] As a child, Banner's father Brian often got mad and ph=
ysically abused both Banner and his mother, creating the psychological comp=
lex of fear, anger, and the fear of anger and the destruction it can cause =
that underlies the character. Banner has been shown to be emotionally repre=
ssed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solving problems pos=
ed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was shown to be a capa=
ble fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation to figure out th=
e events transpiring around him. On the occasions that Banner controlled th=
e Hulk's body, he applied principles of physics to problems and challenges =
and used deductive reasoning. It was shown after his ability to turn into t=
he Hulk was taken away by the red Hulk that Banner has been extremely versa=
tile as well as cunning when dealing with the many situations that followed=
. When he was briefly separated from the Hulk by Doom, Banner became crimin=
ally insane, driven by his desire to regain the power of the Hulk, but once=
 the two recombined he came to accept that he was a better person with the =
Hulk to provide something for him to focus on controlling rather than allow=
ing his intellect to run without restraint against the world. </div> Widesp=
read shortages, skyrocketing energy prices, and the crippling inflation tha=
t gripped the nation=E2=80=A6 <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> However, this expose delves deeper, reveali=
ng that the situation under the Biden administration is far more severe tha=
n previously thought. <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"> <u style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><em style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;">For those with investments in the market, understan=
ding this revelation is crucial.</em></u> <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smar=
tpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3D4cc3481a=
a07a42aeba74efc914cf3a70&_e=3DbUMRBXFzMCU0oY2HKPJnwYoJyYgp7z5XZjcz6q2xXU_JH=
T8ruhN84SSPXbN34DpitWTcAYSvZFiVYQVJVt__Jymx9Ru_bB7i0BRCIUUSpNCmJxPSVNsMZIOL=
YML_MDIWyF21Bjk4rpztYXLRlsMV6lvpSXmGr9Btpla9qW5bIyRN2L9IAYuGvGhxxzgtisfHMbY=
X7vkRmf3IVk1TRkgI686NLQfwa1mK32ylA8hAX0-uqdjGNpF56HXeGH2h5AI_" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; t=
ext-decoration: underline; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700;">>>The time t=
o act and stay informed is now. </a> </span> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: =
border-box; max-width: 100%;"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </=
td> </tr> </table></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-=
3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"=
presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-tab=
le-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fa=
mily: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=
=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px=
; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0=
; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Initial screening Avatar premi=
ered in London on December 10, 2009, and was released theatrically worldwid=
e from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was originally set for release on M=
ay 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pushed back to allow more post-pro=
duction time (the last shots were delivered in November)[80] and give more =
time for theaters worldwide to install 3D projectors.[158] Cameron stated t=
hat the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:1 for 3D screenings and that a 2.=
39:1 image would be extracted for 2D screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.=
39:1 extract was approved for use with constant-image-height screens (i.e.,=
 screens that increase in width to display 2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D =
preview showing in Germany on December 16, the movie's DRM "protection" sys=
tem malfunctioned, and some copies delivered weren=E2=80=99t watched at all=
 in the theaters. The problems were fixed in time for the public premiere.[=
162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in the US, of which 2=
,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance ticket sales fo=
r Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avatar opened on a t=
otal of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were showing the =
film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165] The film w=
as simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178 theaters in t=
he United States on December 18. The international IMAX release included 58=
 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to be added i=
n the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest to date,=
 a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening was Ha=
rry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters in =
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
 later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells =
of explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original =
release In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended the=
atrical rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theater=
s and IMAX 3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine min=
utes of footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex=
 scene[170] and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatr=
ical film.[169] This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time ap=
proaching the then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby lea=
ving less time for the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of=
 added scenes cost more than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171=
] During its 12-week re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additio=
nal $10.74 million in North America and $22.46 million overseas for a world=
wide total of $33.2 million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in =
March 2021, allowing it to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-=
grossing film of all time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on Septem=
ber 23, 2022, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week=
 engagement, with the film being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with =
select scenes at a high frame rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissu=
e was prior to the December 2022 premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of=
 Water.[173] Prior to this, Cameron previously teased a re-release of the f=
ilm back in 2017 when promoting the Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, sta=
ting that there were plans in the works to remaster the film with Dolby Vis=
ion and re-release it in Dolby Cinema. </div></div></td></tr></table></td><=
/tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-7" al=
ign=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace=
: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table=
 class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-ra=
dius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=
=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400=
; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: =
top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" ali=
gn=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100=
%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;">=
<tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Hel=
vetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><di=
v style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0=
px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0=
; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainmen=
t released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] an=
d in the UK on April 26.[176] The US release was not on a Tuesday as is the=
 norm, but was done to coincide with Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-=
ray release does not contain any supplemental features other than the theat=
rical film and the disc menu in favor of and to make space for optimal pict=
ure and sound. The release also preserves the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) f=
ormat as Cameron felt that was the best format to watch the film.[178] The =
Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some Blu-ray players might not supp=
ort without a firmware update.[179][180] Avatar set a first-day launch reco=
rd in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million units sold, breaking the re=
cord previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD=
 and Blu-ray sales combined were over four million units sold.[181] In its =
first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million =
in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking The Dark Knight to bec=
ome the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][183] The rele=
ase later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following week.[184]=
 In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19.7 million=
 DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that period.[185=
] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 =
million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar retained its r=
ecord as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, when =
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended Co=
llector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. Thr=
ee different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original th=
eatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a co=
llector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across t=
wo discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The coll=
ector's extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 =
minutes longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you ca=
n sit down, and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Ea=
rth opening". He stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 =
minutes of scenes that were in the film for much of its production but were=
 ultimately cut before the film's theatrical release.[189] The release also=
 includes an additional 45 minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188]=
 Cameron initially stated that Avatar would be released in 3D around Novemb=
er 2010, but the studio issued a correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stag=
e and Avatar will not be out on 3D Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, =
Fox stated that the 3D version would be released some time in 2011.[185] It=
 was later revealed that Fox had given Panasonic an exclusive license for t=
he 3D Blu-ray version and only with the purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The l=
ength of Panasonic's exclusivity period is stated to last until February 20=
12.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated that the standalone 3D Blu-ray wou=
ld be the final version of the film's home release and that it was "maybe o=
ne, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Avatar had its 3D televisio=
n world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2012, Cameron announc=
ed on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] T=
he Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[197] Recept=
ion Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 revi=
ews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus re=
ads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of s=
torytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for imagina=
tive, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assigns a w=
eighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based on=
 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by Cinem=
aScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every dem=
ographic surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indica=
ted that the main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of t=
he Chicago Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars=
 out of four. "Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star =
Wars in 1977," he said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Ring=
s: The Fellowship of the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of specia=
l effects" and it "is not simply a sensational entertainment, although it i=
s that. It's a technical breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war=
 message".[201] A. O. Scott of At The Movies also compared his viewing of t=
he film to the first time he viewed Star Wars and he said "although the scr=
ipt is a little bit ... obvious," it was "part of what made it work".[202][=
203] Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the film, saying "The King of the Wor=
ld sets his sights on creating another world entirely in Avatar, and it's v=
ery much a place worth visiting."[204] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Repo=
rter gave the film a positive review. "The screen is alive with more action=
 and the soundtrack pops with more robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot=
-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] Peter Travers of Rolling Sto=
ne awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star rating and wrote in h=
is print review "It extends the possibilities of what movies can do. Camero=
n's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Richard Corliss of Time =
magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and convincing creation =
of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving pictures."[207] Kenne=
th Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has "powerful" visual ac=
complishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious characterization".[208] Jame=
s Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film and its story, giving it four =
out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersive =E2=80=93 but the tradi=
tional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, theme, emotional =
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avat=
ar's underlying social and political themes attracted attention. Armond Whi=
te of the New York Press wrote that Cameron used "villainous American chara=
cters" to "misrepresent facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".=
[210][211] Russell D. Moore of The Christian Post concluded that "propagand=
a exists in the film" and stated "If you can get a theater full of people i=
n Kentucky to stand and applaud the defeat of their country in war, then yo=
u've got some amazing special effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Tim=
es was more positive about the film, calling its anti-imperialist message "=
a 22nd-century version of the American colonists vs. the British, India vs.=
 the Raj, or Latin America vs. United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New =
York Times opined that the film is "Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [=
...] Hollywood's religion of choice for a generation now",[214] while Sarit=
ha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the film a "misportrayal of pantheism an=
d Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan =
Times, on the contrary, commended the film's message for its overall consis=
tency with the teachings of Hinduism in the Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee New=
itz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another film that has the recurring "fa=
ntasy about race" whereby "some white guy" becomes the "most awesome" membe=
r of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune call=
ed Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[218] while Miranda Dev=
ine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was] impossible to watch=
 Avatar without being banged over the head with the director's ideological =
hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essential, yet less visible so=
cial theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns contemporary fasci=
nations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the world of reality =
to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences have cited similari=
ties with other films, literature or media, describing the perceived connec=
tions in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright plagiarism. Ty Bu=
rr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dances with Wolves.[22=
1] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as being a "white=
 savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impotent without th=
e leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223] Parallels=
 to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette =
"Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit to control=
 an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia have n=
oted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe novels=
 by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on a for=
ested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the Na=
ve.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The L=
ast Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's =
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one comm=
entator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts in =
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word fo=
r World Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien bei=
ngs who happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature u=
ntil they are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who belie=
ve that the only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer=
 and editor Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin st=
ories, the "mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232]=
 Some sources saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features=
 fantastic images of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 201=
3, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of h=
is images. Dean sought damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2=
014, and The Hollywood Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar =
idea theft cases.[236] Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with St=
even Spielberg praising it as "the most evocative and amazing science-ficti=
on movie since Star Wars" and others calling it "audacious and awe inspirin=
g", "master class", and "brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Ro=
ger Christian is also a noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Dunc=
an Jones said: "It's not in my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what=
 point in the film did you have any doubt what was going to happen next?".[=
238] For French filmmaker Luc Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to no=
w create an adaptation of the graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laurel=
ine that technologically supports the scope of its source material, with Be=
sson even throwing his original script in the trash and redoing it after se=
eing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar number 3 in their list of "The 10 Gr=
eatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[240] also earning it a spot on =
the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 o=
n their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time. </div></div></td></tr=
> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=
=3D"row row-8" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
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tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td =
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tation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rsp=
ace: 0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: =
600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"col=
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ace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; background=
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border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" bgcolor=3D"#f5f5f5" valig=
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tica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"> <div style=3D"box-s=
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d " style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; Margin: 0 auto; min-width: 320px; max-=
width: 610px; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; word-break:=
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ox; border-collapse: collapse; display: table; width: 100%; background-colo=
r: #fffff;"> <div class=3D"col num12" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; min-=
width: 320px; max-width: 610px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: top; w=
idth: 607px;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; width: 100% !important=
;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: 'Open =
Sans' sans-serif; line-height: 1.2; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px;=
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er-box; font-family: 'Open Sans' sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: =
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"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-ser=
if; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide=
: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">=
 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing T=
itanic's worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office a=
nalysts.[294] Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for =
surpassing Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was con=
sidered the first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers bein=
g aided by higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explai=
n its success to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be heal=
thy if they manage anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend t=
o their second. Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of,=
" said Paul Dergarabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.c=
om. "This is just unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it wa=
s a miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's wo=
rldwide gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because =
"Today's films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was release=
d."[296] Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's=
 chances of becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also =
believed it was too early to surmise because it had only played during the =
holidays. He said, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be toug=
h, and the film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices=
 were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not thi=
nk it was realistic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "ju=
st struck some kind of chord" and there had been other good films in recent=
 years.[297] He changed his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. =
It's just a matter of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on wi=
th these other epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star=
 Wars and the Star Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to inv=
est themselves in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth the=
ir time. They want to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on t=
he success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that =
Avatar's success is attributable to one primary factor, several explanation=
s have been advanced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground fo=
r the year's weakest films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron hi=
mself said he decided to open the film in December so that it would have le=
ss competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same J=
anuary predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additiona=
lly, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this p=
oint, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would =
even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor=
" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be =
seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have =
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOffic=
eProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international=
 viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Av=
atar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was N=
o. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw mo=
dest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and=
 moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulate=
d $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% o=
f the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an=
 average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[=
300] Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D gla=
sses but also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters =
charge up to $18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new tec=
hnology was the possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avat=
ar having no basis in previously established material makes its performance=
 remarkable and even more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of man=
y movies in its story and themes," he said, "but it had no direct anteceden=
t like the other top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star =
Wars movies (an established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (lite=
rature). It was a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated t=
hat after a combined production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93=
437 million, the film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td=
></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr=
></tbody></table><!-- End --></body></html>
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