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These BIG moves from Musk could push coins like Bitcoin to heights we've ne=
ver=20
seen before...


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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


 It's no secret=E2=80=93=20

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could change the financial landscape as we know it.

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larger plan for users to conduct their "entire financial world" on the plat=
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 He even went as far as saying in an interview that "it would become HALF o=
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the global financial system=E2=80=A6"

 According to a recent report from Cointelegraph, Twitter is about to allow=
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crypto trading directly on the platform itself, too.

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Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_8526_121142198.1700849299417
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row row-3" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso=
-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cel=
lpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #f=
ff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"=
600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font=
-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vert=
ical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-l=
eft: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" =
width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pre=
sentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fam=
ily: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=
=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px=
; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0=
; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography for Avat=
ar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the=
 film as a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with compute=
r-generated characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the da=
y the audience has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The dir=
ector indicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scen=
es for the film.[66] The live action was shot with a modified version of th=
e proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vi=
nce Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avata=
r would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion th=
at a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable.[=
68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated el=
ements and 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] Motion-c=
apture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vis=
ta in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photography began in October 2007 at=
 Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days.[71] =
More than a thousand people worked on the production.[70] In preparation of=
 the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional training s=
pecific to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use,=
 and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect training in th=
e Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film, Camero=
n also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get a feel=
 for a rainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] During fil=
ming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing=
 motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterpar=
ts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adj=
ust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron=
, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, o=
r change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living mi=
niature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventional techn=
iques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture o=
f the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the v=
alue or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for=
 repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-up=
s, scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described t=
he system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=
 mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control o=
ver the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and P=
eter Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I li=
ke to think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion cap=
ture brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directo=
rs only know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and Georg=
e Lucas were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the eq=
uipment.[77] To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a uniq=
ue camera referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion =
camera and the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real ti=
me with the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or de=
signed from scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as in aug=
mented reality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the dir=
ector to instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the s=
cene.[72] Due to Cameron's personal convictions about climate change, he al=
lowed only plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div></td><=
/tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table cla=
ss=3D"row row-4" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"><tbo=
dy style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
<td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" al=
ign=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pre=
sentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; widt=
h: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"=
column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-=
lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding=
-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-=
right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top">=
<table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,san=
s-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso=
-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin:=
 0;">A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during prod=
uction. According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1=
990s to allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement t=
o adequately portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned t=
o make use of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using n=
ew motion capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 m=
onths leading up to December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for=
 lighting massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage o=
r "volume" six times larger than any previously used, and an improved metho=
d of capturing facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To ac=
hieve the face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted w=
ith a tiny camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information=
 collected about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to c=
omputers.[81] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to tra=
nsfer 100% of the actors' physical performances to their digital counterpar=
ts.[82] Besides the performance capture data which were transferred directl=
y to the computers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists mul=
tiple angles of each performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was n=
ear the end of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live a=
ction Jake in human form, and attention was given to the details of the sha=
dows and reflected light between them.[84] The lead visual effects company =
was Weta Digital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work o=
n the film.[85] Because of the huge amount of data which needed to be store=
d, cataloged and available for everybody involved, even on the other side o=
f the world, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) syste=
m named Gaia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed =
the crews to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital process=
ing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm ma=
king use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with =
104 terabytes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ub=
untu Linux, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software an=
d managers, Pixar's RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[8=
7][88][89][90] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP=
500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and p=
aint software system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperat=
ion with Weta.[91][92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world =
of Pandora required over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each minute=
 of the final footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] I=
t would often take the computer several hours to render a single frame of t=
he film.[95] To help finish preparing the special effects sequences on time=
, a number of other companies were brought on board, including Industrial L=
ight & Magic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequ=
ences. ILM was responsible for the visual effects for many of the film's sp=
ecialized vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Le=
tteri was the film's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music and sound=
track Main article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=
=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the score =
of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? See media help. Compos=
er James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after=
 Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small ch=
orus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also worked =
with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the =
alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place in e=
arly 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would no=
t work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the =
score from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. H=
e stated in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have w=
orked on and the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the s=
core as two different scores merged into one. He first created a score that=
 reflected the Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "tra=
ditional" score to drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chose=
n to sing the theme song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying =
music video, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace=
. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presenta=
tion" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspac=
e: 0; word-break: break-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td cl=
ass=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-l=
eft: 2px; padding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: =
border-box; font-family: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Verdana,S=
egoe,sans-serif; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7da496;=
 line-height: 1.2;"><p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inheri=
t; margin: 0; text-align: center; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px=
;">At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at&nbsp;<stron=
g style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">Smart People Mail</strong>&nbsp;with sp=
ecial opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we think you =
should take a close, serious look at.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><tab=
le class=3D"divider_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-botto=
m: 5px; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div clas=
s=3D"alignment" align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table b=
order=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=
=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-r=
space: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner=
" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border=
-top: 1px solid #000;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</spa=
n></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td>=
</tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"1=
00%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation"=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;=
"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content sta=
ck" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=
=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso=
-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; wi=
dth: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=
=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-ta=
ble-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; ver=
tical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-=
left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1"=
 width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pr=
esentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table=
-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-fam=
ily: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=
=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px=
; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0=
; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-=
adventure journey of self-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and dee=
p ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fict=
ion book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar R=
ice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He acknowledged that Avatar shares t=
hemes with the films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest,=
 and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes between cultures and civiliza=
tions, and with Dances with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself =
drawn to the culture he was initially fighting against.[105][106] He also c=
ited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence=
 on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal d=
eclaration that intended to "describe in great detail the genesis of the id=
eas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be Avatar."[107] In additi=
on to historical events (such as European colonization of the Americas), hi=
s life experiences and several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew con=
nections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited his script and con=
cept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film, as being the =
basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Av=
atar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of p=
rojecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien pla=
nets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story of =
a seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, =
and the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his =
earlier films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The =
Terminator and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "w=
ater tentacle" in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the=
 appearance of...an alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap a=
nd build trust."[108] Cameron also cited a number of works by other creator=
s as "reference points and sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These includ=
e two of his "favorite" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experie=
nces an evolution after meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "=
an outsider...encounters and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultim=
ately joins that group to fight other outsiders." Cameron said he became fa=
miliar with the concept of a human operating a "synthetic avatar" inside an=
other world from George Henry Smith's short story "In the Imagicon" and Art=
hur C. Clarke's novel The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the ter=
m "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson an=
d Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "world mind" originat=
ed in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other f=
ilms about people interacting with "indigenous cultures" as inspiring him, =
including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The E=
merald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited a=
s inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs an=
d other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In =
a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of=
 the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the H=
indu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means is that the hum=
an technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's intelligence =
into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron also cited th=
e Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how hu=
mans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, alien bod=
ies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Came=
ron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the tradition o=
f Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of J=
ack and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples co=
me from radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relatio=
nship and are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[11=
3] Cameron described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline =
followed the historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with=
 the chief's daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their spec=
ial bond with nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and N=
eytiri love story would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the =
physical attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed =
by considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Ca=
meron felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayer=
s (Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two a=
ctors "had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the m=
iddle of a forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired =
in part by the Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie Nat=
ional Forest Park For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the desig=
ners drew inspiration from "many different types of mountains, but mainly t=
he karst limestone formations in China."[116] According to production desig=
ner Dylan Cole, the fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (al=
so known as Yellow Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the =
world.[116] Cameron had noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the des=
ign of the floating mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mi=
ning colony on Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudre=
aux[118] oil platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photogra=
phed, measured and filmed every aspect of the platform, which was later rep=
licated on-screen with photorealistic CGI during post-production. </div></d=
iv></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><t=
able class=3D"row row-6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellp=
adding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" bo=
rder=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; backg=
round-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 a=
uto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" widt=
h=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-a=
lign: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0=
;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presenta=
tion" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspac=
e: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Ar=
ial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"cent=
er"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-he=
ight: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-he=
ight: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">The first photo of the film was releas=
ed on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empire released exclusive images from the f=
ilm in its October issue.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, S=
tephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rot=
hman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of fo=
otage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at ad=
ditional panels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129=
][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel =
that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, the trailer was released =
in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer and toy line of the fi=
lm were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second trailer was released=
 online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second trailer was premiered i=
n theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! =
on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended version in =
IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Report=
er said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same] establishmen=
t skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the=
 desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been among the most =
viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the first place =
of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On October 3=
0, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed=
 Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of pr=
ess.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on=
 November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium=
 in Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's larg=
est video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said=
 to be the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The=
 Coca-Cola Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing ca=
mpaign to promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website A=
VTR.com. Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in =
front of a webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D feature=
s using augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promot=
ed in an episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The G=
rease" (Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring =
role on the program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the rele=
ase of the film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana pro=
moted the film on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space =
Ghost.[141] McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials =
in Europe called "Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the=
 website set up by Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change in=
to a Na'vi.[142] Books Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and =
Social History of Pandora, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to =
the film's fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harp=
er Entertainment on November 24, 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilatio=
n of data collected by the humans about Pandora and the life on it, written=
 by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's=
 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] =
The Art of Avatar was released on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The b=
ook features detailed production artwork from the film, including productio=
n sketches, illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jo=
n Landau wrote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter=
 Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In October 2010, Abrams Books also release=
d The Making of Avatar, a 272-page book that detailed the film's production=
 process and contains over 500 color photographs and illustrations.[146] In=
 a 2009 interview, Cameron said that he planned to write a novel version of=
 Avatar after the film was released.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon La=
ndau stated that Cameron plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead u=
p to telling the story of the movie, but it would go into much more depth a=
bout all the stories that we didn't have time to deal with", saying that "J=
im wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of =
things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gou=
ld to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance P=
ost released a special limited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding wi=
th the film's worldwide release. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=
=3D"html_block block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-tab=
le-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-=
align: center;" align=3D"center"> <table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpa=
dding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 1=
00%;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" valign=
=3D"top" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <table bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" bord=
er=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; max-width: 600px;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
> <td align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 20px;=
 padding-right: 20px;"> <table border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%;"> <tr s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=3D"100%" style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Robo=
to', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; fon=
t-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;" alig=
n=3D"left"> <span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', A=
rial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weig=
ht: normal; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;"> It's no s=
ecret=E2=80=93 <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizin=
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style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> He=
 even went as far as saying in an interview that "it would become HALF of t=
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<td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetic=
a, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; li=
ne-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;" align=3D"left"> <span st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, san=
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Crypto Community Summit </span> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; m=
ax-width: 100%;"> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </t=
able></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-3" width=3D"1=
00%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation"=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;=
"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,H=
elvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><=
div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height:=
 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height:=
 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Initial screening Avatar premiered in Londo=
n on December 10, 2009, and was released theatrically worldwide from Decemb=
er 16 to 18.[156] The film was originally set for release on May 22, 2009, =
during filming[157] but was pushed back to allow more post-production time =
(the last shots were delivered in November)[80] and give more time for thea=
ters worldwide to install 3D projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film'=
s aspect ratio would be 1.78:1 for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image wo=
uld be extracted for 2D screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract =
was approved for use with constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that=
 increase in width to display 2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showi=
ng in Germany on December 16, the movie's DRM "protection" system malfuncti=
oned, and some copies delivered weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theat=
ers. The problems were fixed in time for the public premiere.[162] Avatar w=
as released in a total of 3,457 theaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters=
 showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance ticket sales for Avatar were=
 for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,60=
4 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (p=
roducing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165] The film was simultaneo=
usly presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178 theaters in the United Sta=
tes on December 18. The international IMAX release included 58 theaters beg=
inning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to be added in the coming =
weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest to date, a total of 2=
61 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening was Harry Potter an=
d the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and a=
bout 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and later releas=
ed Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells of explosives=
, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original release In Ju=
ly 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical rerel=
ease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D=
.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of foota=
ge, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[170] a=
nd various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[16=
9] This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=
 then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less tim=
e for the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes=
 cost more than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its =
12-week re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 mi=
llion in North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of=
 $33.2 million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, a=
llowing it to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film=
 of all time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022,=
 by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, =
with the film being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes=
 at a high frame rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior t=
o the December 2022 premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] =
Prior to this, Cameron previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2=
017 when promoting the Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that the=
re were plans in the works to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-re=
lease it in Dolby Cinema. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody><=
/table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center=
" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"p=
resentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-tabl=
e-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row=
-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lsp=
ace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; colo=
r: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbo=
dy style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
<td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: =
left; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-to=
p: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" va=
lign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0=
" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,He=
lvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: =
hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height:=
 0; margin: 0;">Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the=
 film on DVD and Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on=
 April 26.[176] The US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was=
 done to coincide with Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release do=
es not contain any supplemental features other than the theatrical film and=
 the disc menu in favor of and to make space for optimal picture and sound.=
 The release also preserves the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Camer=
on felt that was the best format to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc c=
ontains DRM (BD+ 5) which some Blu-ray players might not support without a =
firmware update.[179][180] Avatar set a first-day launch record in the U.S.=
 for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million units sold, breaking the record previousl=
y held by The Dark Knight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray s=
ales combined were over four million units sold.[181] In its first four day=
s of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United =
States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking The Dark Knight to become the best e=
ver selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][183] The release later brok=
e the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following week.[184] In its first =
three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-r=
ay discs combined, a new record for sales in that period.[185] As of July 1=
8, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units =
sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar retained its record as the t=
op-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, when it was surpass=
ed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edit=
ion on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. Three different v=
ersions of the film are present on the discs: the original theatrical cut (=
162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a collector's exte=
nded cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across two discs, whil=
e the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collector's extend=
ed cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer=
 than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, an=
d in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening". =
He stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of sce=
nes that were in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cu=
t before the film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an a=
dditional 45 minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initi=
ally stated that Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but t=
he studio issued a correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar w=
ill not be out on 3D Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated tha=
t the 3D version would be released some time in 2011.[185] It was later rev=
ealed that Fox had given Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray =
version and only with the purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panas=
onic's exclusivity period is stated to last until February 2012.[191] On Oc=
tober 2010, Cameron stated that the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the fina=
l version of the film's home release and that it was "maybe one, two years =
out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Avatar had its 3D television world premie=
re on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook=
 that Avatar would be released globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D =
version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical r=
esponse On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positi=
ve, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might=
 be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, b=
ut Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for imaginative, absorbin=
g filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean s=
core =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, i=
ndicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave th=
e film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surve=
yed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that the m=
ain draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun=
-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of four. =
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellows=
hip of the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and=
 it "is not simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a=
 technical breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201=
] A. O. Scott of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the=
 first time he viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a littl=
e bit ... obvious," it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCa=
rthy of Variety praised the film, saying "The King of the World sets his si=
ghts on creating another world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a pla=
ce worth visiting."[204] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the =
film a positive review. "The screen is alive with more action and the sound=
track pops with more robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you c=
are to mention," he stated.[205] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Ava=
tar a three-and-a-half out of four star rating and wrote in his print revie=
w "It extends the possibilities of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may=
 just be as big as his dreams."[206] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thoug=
ht that the film was "the most vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy w=
orld ever seen in the history of moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of th=
e Los Angeles Times thought the film has "powerful" visual accomplishments =
but "flat dialogue" and "obvious characterization".[208] James Berardinelli=
 of ReelViews praised the film and its story, giving it four out of four st=
ars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film el=
ements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc=
. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D ve=
rsion an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlyin=
g social and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New =
York Press wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "mis=
represent facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Rus=
sell D. Moore of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in th=
e film" and stated "If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to =
stand and applaud the defeat of their country in war, then you've got some =
amazing special effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more po=
sitive about the film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century=
 version of the American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or L=
atin America vs. United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opi=
ned that the film is "Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood=
's religion of choice for a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of T=
he Tennessean called the film a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spir=
ituality in general",[215] and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the =
contrary, commended the film's message for its overall consistency with the=
 teachings of Hinduism in the Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 con=
cluded that Avatar is another film that has the recurring "fantasy about ra=
ce" whereby "some white guy" becomes the "most awesome" member of a non-whi=
te culture.[217] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the=
 season's ideological Rorschach blot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Syd=
ney Morning Herald thought that "It [was] impossible to watch Avatar withou=
t being banged over the head with the director's ideological hammer."[219] =
Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essential, yet less visible social theme tha=
t contributed to Avatar's success concerns contemporary fascinations with v=
irtual avatars and "the transition from the world of reality to that of vir=
tual reality".[220] Critics and audiences have cited similarities with othe=
r films, literature or media, describing the perceived connections in ways =
ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Bost=
on Globe called it "the same movie" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances=
 with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as being a "white savior" movie=
, in which a "backwards" native people is impotent without the leadership o=
f a member of the invading white culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concep=
t and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe",=
 in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit to control an artificial=
 body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia have noted that Avat=
ar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and=
 Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on a forested world ca=
lled Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the Nave.[226] Vario=
us reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest=
,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Editio=
n has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one commentator statin=
g that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[23=
1] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that most closely re=
sembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is For=
est (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who happil=
y inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until they are =
attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that the on=
ly good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor Ga=
rdner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "ma=
sh-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources =
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued C=
ameron and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dea=
n sought damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The H=
ollywood Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cas=
es.[236] Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg=
 praising it as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since=
 Star Wars" and others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master cl=
ass", and "brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian =
is also a noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said:=
 "It's not in my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the =
film did you have any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For Frenc=
h filmmaker Luc Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an ad=
aptation of the graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that techn=
ologically supports the scope of its source material, with Besson even thro=
wing his original script in the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.=
[239] TIME ranked Avatar number 3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies =
of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[240] also earning it a spot on the magazine's=
 All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list o=
f the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time. </div></div></td></tr> </table></td=
></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-8" =
align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=
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=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-tab=
le-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-=
align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; disp=
lay: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; he=
ight: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;"> After th=
e film's release and unusually strong box office performance over its first=
 two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic's =
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294] Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassin=
g Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered t=
he first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided b=
y higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its suc=
cess to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if th=
ey manage anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their s=
econd. Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Pa=
ul Dergarabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This=
 is just unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a misca=
lculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldwide g=
ross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's =
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296] =
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed =
it was too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays.=
 He said, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and th=
e film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were abo=
ut $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was=
 realistic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck=
 some kind of chord" and there had been other good films in recent years.[2=
97] He changed his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just=
 a matter of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these =
other epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and=
 the Star Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest thems=
elves in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. =
They want to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on the succes=
s of Avatar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar's =
success is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have be=
en advanced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground for the yea=
r's weakest films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron himself sai=
d he decided to open the film in December so that it would have less compet=
ition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same January pr=
edictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avat=
ar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this point, peo=
ple who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if t=
he slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor" also he=
lped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in t=
he theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same =
experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets=
.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international viewings=
 helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tra=
cked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in a=
ll of them", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest rece=
ipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoe=
rs" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 bi=
llion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the tot=
al 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an average =
of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[300] Like=
wise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses but =
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to $18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology w=
as the possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having=
 no basis in previously established material makes its performance remarkab=
le and even more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies =
in its story and themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like th=
e other top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movi=
es (an established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). =
It was a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after=
 a combined production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 milli=
on, the film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td></tr></t=
able></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>=
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