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America=E2=80=99s top crypto trader predicts this would send Bitcoin over $=
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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


 The SEC recently declared war on cryptocurrencies.

 They filed lawsuits against the two main crypto trading platforms, Coinbas=
e=20
and Binance.

 The SEC chairman declared almost all coins outside of Bitcoin and Ethereum=
 to=20
be illegally traded securities.

 To make matters worse, two different efforts by Congress to set clear rule=
s=20
for the crypto market have stalled.

 The regulatory and legal confusion around crypto has scared away investors=
.

 The mainstream headlines are filled with negative stories.

 One news outlet even asked if the U.S. was trying to kill crypto.

 But I sent this email to tell you:

 Nothing could be farther from the truth.

 This isn't a bad time to buy crypto.

 It's the best time.

 You see, there's something going on in the background that almost everyone=
=20
has missed.

 Just seven days after the lawsuits were filed against Coinbase and Binance=
,=20
another story slid by unnoticed.

 It was an application, filed by $9 billion Wall Street giant BlackRock, to=
=20
create a Bitcoin ETF.

 Why is that important?

 Because BlackRock has close ties with the Biden administration.

 And they have a nearly spotless record of ETF approvals.

 It begs the question:

Bruce Banner Considered to be one of the greatest scientific minds on Earth=
,=20
Banner possesses "a mind so brilliant it cannot be measured on any known=20
intelligence test."[125] Norman Osborn estimates that he is the fourth=20
most-intelligent person on Earth.[126] Banner holds expertise in biology,=
=20
chemistry, engineering, medicine, physiology, and nuclear physics. Using th=
is=20
knowledge, he creates advanced technology dubbed "Bannertech", which is on =
par=20
with technological development from Tony Stark or Doctor Doom. These=20
technologies include and a teleporter and a force field that can protect hi=
m=20
from the attacks of Hulk-level entities. After becoming a fugitive from the=
=20
law, Banner is forced to go on the run and over the years learns various sk=
ills=20
in order to both survive and remain under radar of those who are hunting hi=
m.=20
Banner's most frequent method of travel includes hitchhiking, train hopping=
 or=20
simply just walking as he is unable to travel legally via planes, passenger=
=20
ships or buses due to being in several travel watchlists. Banner is general=
ly=20
on the move and rarely ever stays in one place for very long and only does =
so=20
if there's a possibility of curing himself. He will only ever stay in one p=
lace=20
for an extended period of time if it provides him with complete solitude an=
d=20
privacy where the Hulk can do little to no harm. To avoid being tracked, Ba=
nner=20
does not use cell phones, debit or credit cards and will only use payphones=
 or=20
cash. He will often use fake identities when staying at motels or working j=
obs=20
that require identification. Having been on the run for years, Banner can=
=20
normally tell when he is being followed and will generally make a run for i=
t=20
when he is discovered. Having traveled across the globe, Banner is able to=
=20
sneak over borders without being detected and can get by, by either knowing=
 or=20
learning the local language. Often traveling light, Banner has little to no=
=20
possessions that he carries in either a satchel or backpack. Often losing=
=20
everything he owns after transforming into the Hulk, Banner avoids keeping=
=20
anything of personal value to him so that he can easily replace the items a=
nd=20
clothes that were lost or destroyed. To support himself financially, Banner=
=20
will work quick part time jobs and will only accept payments in cash. These=
=20
jobs have varied from simply working in low pay diners to working as local=
=20
doctor. Banner's work ethic as well as his vast knowledge and skillset in=
=20
science, medicine and engineering often help him get hired rather quickly.=
=20
Unless desperate, Banner will generally avoid jobs that are high stress due=
 to=20
the potential danger of transforming into the Hulk. During his travels, Ban=
ner=20
has developed several different techniques to help suppress or control his=
=20
transformations when he becomes a little angry or upset. Among the techniqu=
es=20
he has learned over the years include meditation and hypnotherapy. While th=
ey=20
have helped him to better understand and suppress his transformations, none=
 of=20
techniques Banner has learned have helped him to gain full control over the=
=20
Hulk. The Hulk The Hulk possesses the potential for seemingly limitless=20
physical strength that is influenced by his emotional state, particularly h=
is=20
anger.[127] This has been reflected in the repeated comment "The madder Hul=
k=20
gets, the stronger Hulk gets."[128] The cosmically powerful entity known as=
 the=20
Beyonder once analyzed the Hulk's physiology, and claimed that the Hulk's=
=20
potential strength had "no finite element inside."[129] Hulk's strength has=
=20
been depicted as sometimes limited by Banner's subconscious influence; when=
=20
Jean Grey psionically "shut Banner off", Hulk became strong enough to overp=
ower=20
and destroy the physical form of the villain Onslaught.[130] Writer Greg Pa=
k=20
described the Worldbreaker Hulk shown during World War Hulk as having a lev=
el=20
of physical power where "Hulk was stronger than any mortal=E2=80=94and most=
=20
immortals=E2=80=94who ever walked the Earth"[131] and depicted the characte=
r as=20
powerful enough to completely destroy entire planets.[132][133] His strengt=
h=20
allows him to leap into lower Earth orbit or across continents,[134][135] a=
nd=20
he has displayed superhuman speed.[136][137] Exposure to radiation has also=
=20
been shown to make the Hulk stronger.[129] It is unknown how he gains bioma=
ss=20
during transformation but it may be linked to the One-Below-All. His=20
durability, regeneration, and endurance also increase in proportion to his=
=20
temper.[138] Hulk is resistant to injury or damage, though the degree to wh=
ich=20
varies between interpretations, but he has withstood the equivalent of sola=
r=20
temperatures,[139][140] nuclear explosions,[136][141][142][143] and=20
planet-shattering impacts.[132][133][144][145][146] Despite his remarkable=
=20
resiliency, continuous barrages of high-caliber gunfire can hinder his move=
ment=20
to some degree while he can be temporarily subdued by intense attacks with=
=20
chemical weapons such as anesthetic gases, although any interruption of suc=
h=20
dosages will allow him to quickly recover.[147] He has been shown to have b=
oth=20
regenerative and adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to a=
llow=20
him to breathe underwater,[148] surviving unprotected in space for extended=
=20
periods,[149] and when injured, healing from most wounds within seconds,=20
including, on one occasion, the complete destruction of most of his body=20
mass.[150] His future self, the "Maestro", was even eventually able to reco=
ver=20
from being blown to pieces.[151] As an effect, he has an extremely prolonge=
d=20
lifespan.[152][153] He also possesses less commonly described powers, inclu=
ding=20
abilities allowing him to "home in" to his place of origin in New Mexico;[1=
54]=20
resist psychic control,[155][156][157][158] or unwilling=20
transformation;[159][160][161] grow stronger from=20
radiation[132][142][143][162][163] or dark magic;[164][165] punch his way=
=20
between separate temporal[166][167] or spatial[168] dimensions; and to see =
and=20
interact with astral forms.[165][169] Some of these abilities were in later=
=20
years explained as being related; his ability to home in on the New Mexico =
bomb=20
site was due to his latent ability to sense astral forms and spirits, since=
 the=20
bomb site was also the place where the Maestro's skeleton was and the Maest=
ro's=20
spirit was calling out to him in order to absorb his radiation.[151] He is =
also=20
shown to have a separate memory to Bruce Banner - when Spider-Man has the=
=20
knowledge of his secret identity erased during Spider-Man: One More Day, th=
e=20
Hulk later asks how Peter is doing, not Spider-Man; upon questioning, he=20
enigmatically states "Banner forgot. But I don't forget." In the first Hulk=
=20
comic series, "massive" doses of gamma rays would cause the Hulk to transfo=
rm=20
back to Banner, although this ability was written out of the character by t=
he=20
1970s.[citation needed] Supporting characters Main article: List of Hulk=20
supporting characters Over the long publication history of the Hulk's=20
adventures, many recurring characters have featured prominently, including =
his=20
best friend and sidekick Rick Jones, love interest and wife Betty Ross and =
her=20
father, the often adversarial General "Thunderbolt" Ross. Both Banner and H=
ulk=20
have families created in their respective personas. Banner is son to Brian,=
 an=20
abusive father who killed Banner's mother while she tried to protect her so=
n=20
from his father's delusional attacks, and cousin to Jennifer Walters, the=
=20
She-Hulk, who serves as his frequent ally.[170] Banner had a stillborn chil=
d=20
with Betty, while the Hulk has two sons with his deceased second wife Caier=
a=20
Oldstrong, Skaar and Hiro-Kala, and his DNA was used to create a daughter n=
amed=20
Lyra with Thundra the warrior woman.[171] The Fantastic Four #12 (March 196=
3),=20
featured the Hulk's first battle with the Thing. Although many early Hulk=
=20
stories involve Ross trying to capture or destroy the Hulk, the main villai=
n is=20
often a radiation-based character, like the Gargoyle or the Leader, along w=
ith=20
other foes such as the Toad Men, or Asian warlord General Fang. Ross' daugh=
ter=20
Betty loves Banner and criticizes her father for pursuing the Hulk. General=
=20
Ross' right-hand man, Major Glenn Talbot, also loves Betty and is torn betw=
een=20
pursuing Hulk and trying to gain Betty's love more honorably. Rick Jones se=
rves=20
as the Hulk's friend and sidekick in these early tales. The Hulk's archenem=
ies=20
are the Abomination and the Leader. The Abomination is more monstrous-looki=
ng,=20
twice as strong as the Hulk at normal levels (however, the Abomination's=20
strength levels do not increase when he gets angry) and wreaks havoc for fu=
n=20
and pleasure. The Leader is a gamma-irradiated super-genius who has tried p=
lan=20
after plan to take over the world. Cultural impact The Hulk character and t=
he=20
concepts behind it have been raised to the level of iconic status by many=
=20
within and outside the comic book industry. In 2003, Official U.S. PlayStat=
ion=20
Magazine claimed the character had "stood the test of time as a genuine ico=
n of=20
American pop culture."[172] In 2008, the Hulk was listed as the 19th greate=
st=20
comic book character by Wizard magazine.[173] Empire magazine named him as =
the=20
14th-greatest comic-book character and the fifth-greatest Marvel=20
character.[174] In 2011, the Hulk placed No. 9 on IGN's list of "Top 100 Co=
mic=20
Book Heroes",[175] and fourth on their list of "The Top 50 Avengers" in=20
2012.[176] Analysis The Hulk is often viewed as a reaction to war. As well =
as=20
being a reaction to the Cold War, the character has been a cipher for the=
=20
frustrations the Vietnam War raised, and Ang Lee said that the Iraq War=20
influenced his direction.[14][177][178] In the Michael Nyman edited edition=
 of=20
The Guardian, Stefanie Diekmann explored Marvel Comics' reaction to the=20
September 11 attacks. Diekmann discussed The Hulk's appearance in the 9/11=
=20
tribute comic Heroes, claiming that his greater prominence, alongside Capta=
in=20
America, aided in "stressing the connection between anger and justified=20
violence without having to depict anything more than a well-known and=20
well-respected protagonist."[179] In Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the=
=20
World's Greatest Comics, Les Daniels addresses the Hulk as an embodiment of=
=20
cultural fears of radiation and nuclear science. He quotes Jack Kirby thus:=
 "As=20
long as we're experimenting with radioactivity, there's no telling what may=
=20
happen, or how much our advancements in science may cost us." Daniels=20
continues, "The Hulk became Marvel's most disturbing embodiment of the peri=
ls=20
inherent in the atomic age."[180] In Comic Book Nation, Bradford Wright all=
udes=20
to Hulk's counterculture status, referring to a 1965 Esquire magazine poll=
=20
amongst college students which "revealed that student radicals ranked=20
Spider-Man and the Hulk alongside the likes of Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as=
=20
their favorite revolutionary icons." Wright goes on to cite examples of his=
=20
anti-authority symbol status. Two of these are "The Ballad of the Hulk" by=
=20
Jerry Jeff Walker, and the Rolling Stone cover for September 30, 1971, a fu=
ll=20
color Herb Trimpe piece commissioned for the magazine.[110][181] The Hulk h=
as=20
been caricatured in such animated television series as The Simpsons,[182] R=
obot=20
Chicken, and Family Guy,[183] and such comedy TV series as The Young Ones.[=
184]=20
The character is also used as a cultural reference point for someone displa=
ying=20
anger or agitation. For example, in a 2008 Daily Mirror review of an EastEn=
ders=20
episode, a character is described as going "into Incredible Hulk mode, smas=
hing=20
up his flat."[185] In September 2019, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson=
=20
likened himself to The Hulk in an interview with the Mail On Sunday, as=20
political pressure built on him to request an extension to the date of the =
UK's=20
withdrawal from the European Union.[186][187] The Hulk, especially his alte=
r=20
ego Bruce Banner, is also a common reference in hip hop music. The term was=
=20
represented as an analogue to marijuana in Dr. Dre's 2001,[188] while more=
=20
conventional references are made in Ludacris and Jermaine Dupri's popular=
=20
single "Welcome to Atlanta".[citation needed] The 2003 Ang Lee-directed Hul=
k=20
film saw discussion of the character's appeal to Asian Americans.[189] The=
=20
Taiwanese-born Ang Lee commented on the "subcurrent of repression" that=20
underscored the character of The Hulk, and how that mirrored his own=20
experience: "Growing up, my artistic leanings were always repressed=E2=80=
=94there was=20
always pressure to do something 'useful,' like being a doctor." Jeff Yang,=
=20
writing for the San Francisco Chronicle, extended this self-identification =
to=20
Asian American culture, arguing that "the passive-aggressive streak runs de=
ep=20
among Asian Americans=E2=80=94especially those who have entered creative ca=
reers, often=20
against their parents' wishes."[190] There have been explorations about the=
=20
real-world possibility of Hulk's gamma-radiation-based origin. In The Scien=
ce=20
of Superheroes, Lois Grest and Robert Weinberg examined Hulk's powers,=20
explaining the scientific flaws in them. Most notably, they point out that =
the=20
level of gamma radiation Banner is exposed to at the initial blast would in=
duce=20
radiation sickness and kill him, or if not, create significant cancer risks=
 for=20
Banner, because hard radiation strips cells of their ability to function. T=
hey=20
go on to offer up an alternate origin, in which a Hulk might be created by=
=20
biological experimentation with adrenal glands and GFP. Charles Q. Choi fro=
m=20
LiveScience.com further explains that, unlike the Hulk, gamma rays are not=
=20
green; existing as they do beyond the visible spectrum, gamma rays have no=
=20
color at all that we can describe. He also explains that gamma rays are so=
=20
powerful (the most powerful form of electromagnetic radiation and 10,000 ti=
mes=20
more powerful than visible light) that they can even convert energy into ma=
tter=20
=E2=80=93 a possible explanation for the increased mass that Bruce Banner t=
akes on=20
during transformations. "Just as the Incredible Hulk 'is the strongest one=
=20
there is,' as he says himself, so too are gamma-ray bursts the most powerfu=
l=20
explosions known." If the Biden-controlled SEC seems to be making it clear =
that=20
crypto isn't welcome in the U.S. =E2=80=A6

 Then why were their top donors applying to manage crypto investments just =
a=20
week later?

 Don't let the government lawsuits fool you.

 We believe Wall Street is engaged in a stealth takeover of cryptocurrency.

 And when and if their takeover is complete =E2=80=94 starting with BlackRo=
ck's=20
Bitcoin ETF =E2=80=94 I expect the price of Bitcoin and most cryptos to spi=
ke=20
immediately.

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 Bear in mind, however, the clock is ticking.

 This approval could come at any moment.

 And you don't want to be caught flat-footed.

 Click here to get the full story =E2=80=A6 plus the ONLY altcoin I think y=
ou should=20
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 Sincerely,


 Juan Villaverde
Crypto Analyst
Weiss Ratings=20

Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_59638_929974305.1700758837905
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lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
<table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; bor=
der-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bg=
color=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight=
: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-al=
ign: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;=
" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presenta=
tion" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspac=
e: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Ar=
ial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"cent=
er"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-he=
ight: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-he=
ight: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography for Avatar began=
 in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the film as=
 a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-genera=
ted characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the au=
dience has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The director in=
dicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for t=
he film.[66] The live action was shot with a modified version of the propri=
etary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace=
.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would =
be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion that a 3-D=
 film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable.[68] Acco=
rding to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements a=
nd 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] Motion-capture p=
hotography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Lo=
s Angeles.[54][70] Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone S=
treet Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days.[71] More tha=
n a thousand people worked on the production.[70] In preparation of the fil=
ming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific =
to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and han=
d-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na'vi =
language created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film, Cameron also s=
ent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get a feel for a r=
ainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] During filming, Ca=
meron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-=
capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in th=
eir digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and =
direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, "It's =
like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change=
 my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature =
and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventional techniques, t=
he complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the ac=
tors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or =
importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeate=
d camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scene=
s do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the syste=
m as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountai=
n or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the =
elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jac=
kson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to th=
ink of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture bri=
ngs the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only =
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.=
[77] To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camer=
a referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera a=
nd the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with =
the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed f=
rom scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented r=
eality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to=
 instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72=
] Due to Cameron's personal convictions about climate change, he allowed on=
ly plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div></td></tr> </t=
able></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"ro=
w row-4" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-t=
able-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"><tbody style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"c=
enter" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentatio=
n" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: =
0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: 600px=
; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column c=
olumn-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom:=
 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0=
; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table c=
lass=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso=
-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; t=
ext-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all=
; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">A num=
ber of innovative visual effects techniques were used during production. Ac=
cording to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to al=
low the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequate=
ly portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use=
 of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion =
capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months lead=
ing up to December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting =
massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume"=
 six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of captu=
ring facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the =
face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny=
 camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected=
 about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[=
81] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100%=
 of the actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Be=
sides the performance capture data which were transferred directly to the c=
omputers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angl=
es of each performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the en=
d of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake=
 in human form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and r=
eflected light between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta D=
igital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film=
.[85] Because of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, catalog=
ed and available for everybody involved, even on the other side of the worl=
d, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Ga=
ia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews =
to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] T=
o render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use o=
f 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 teraby=
tes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux=
, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers=
, Pixar's RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89]=
[90] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list o=
f the world's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint softw=
are system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with W=
eta.[91][92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora=
 required over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the fi=
nal footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would of=
ten take the computer several hours to render a single frame of the film.[9=
5] To help finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number=
 of other companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Mag=
ic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM=
 was responsible for the visual effects for many of the film's specialized =
vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was =
the film's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main=
 article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jak=
e Enters His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the score of the 2009=
 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? See media help. Composer James Ho=
rner scored the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and=
 Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singin=
g in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also worked with Wanda =
Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race.=
[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place in early 2009.[=
101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would not work on a=
ny other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the score from =
four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stated in=
 an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on an=
d the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
 different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected =
the Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" s=
core to drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing t=
he theme song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video=
, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace. </div></d=
iv></td></tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" width=3D"100%" bor=
der=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; word-=
break: break-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad"=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 2px; p=
adding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 font-family: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-s=
erif; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7da496; line-heigh=
t: 1.2;"><p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: =
0; text-align: center; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px;">At times=
, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at&nbsp;<strong style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;">Smart People Mail</strong>&nbsp;with special oppor=
tunities for our readers. The message below is one we think you should take=
 a close, serious look at.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D=
"divider_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-tab=
le-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padd=
ing-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignme=
nt" align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><=
tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border-top: 1px so=
lid #000;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr>=
</table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody=
></table><table class=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=
=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presen=
tation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rsp=
ace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px=
; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column c=
olumn-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; vertical-align:=
 top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" al=
ign=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"10=
0%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"=
><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,H=
elvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><=
div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height:=
 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height:=
 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-adventure jou=
rney of self-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[10=
4] Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I re=
ad as a kid" and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs=
' John Carter series.[11] He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with th=
e films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess=
 Mononoke, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and wi=
th Dances with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the =
culture he was initially fighting against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Mi=
yazaki's anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosy=
stem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration th=
at intended to "describe in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, =
storylines, and images that came to be Avatar."[107] In addition to histori=
cal events (such as European colonization of the Americas), his life experi=
ences and several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections betw=
een Avatar and his previous films. He cited his script and concept art for =
Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film, as being the basis for man=
y of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar's "conce=
pts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of projecting for=
ce or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy =
corporate interests backed up by military force, the story of a seemingly w=
eaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, and the good =
scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earlier films=
 including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator an=
d Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentacle=
" in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance o=
f...an alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trus=
t."[108] Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "referen=
ce points and sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his =
"favorite" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolu=
tion after meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider..=
.encounters and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins t=
hat group to fight other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with t=
he concept of a human operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world f=
rom George Henry Smith's short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke=
's novel The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by=
 reading the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in =
the Net by Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "world mind" originated in the nov=
el Solaris by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about pe=
ople interacting with "indigenous cultures" as inspiring him, including Dan=
ces with Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest=
, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration=
 the John Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adven=
ture stories by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interv=
iew with Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Ava=
tar, to which he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods tak=
ing a flesh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology=
 in the future is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remote=
ly located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron also cited the Japanese cy=
berpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remo=
tely control, and transfer their personalities into, alien bodies.[109][110=
] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a=
 star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and J=
uliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose =
from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come from radic=
ally different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are=
 forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron de=
scribed Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed the =
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's =
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
 nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love s=
tory would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attr=
activeness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by considerin=
g her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Cameron felt Ja=
ke and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthingto=
n and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two actors "had a =
great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle of a fo=
rest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by th=
e Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest =
Park For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew ins=
piration from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst lime=
stone formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Col=
e, the fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Y=
ellow Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] C=
ameron had noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the fl=
oating mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony o=
n Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil =
platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measure=
d and filmed every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-sc=
reen with photorealistic CGI during post-production. </div></div></td></tr>=
</table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D=
"row row-6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; ms=
o-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #=
fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D=
"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; f=
ont-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; b=
order-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"=
left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" bor=
der=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helveti=
ca Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; =
overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; li=
ne-height: 0; margin: 0;">The first photo of the film was released on Augus=
t 14, 2009,[124] and Empire released exclusive images from the film in its =
October issue.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang=
, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at th=
e 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was s=
creened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional pa=
nels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] resp=
ectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August=
 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, the trailer was released in all thea=
trical formats. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were als=
o unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second trailer was released online on =
August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters =
on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October =
29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended version in IMAX 3D rec=
eived overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Reporter said tha=
t audience expectations were colored by "the [same] establishment skepticis=
m that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for=
 original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been among the most viewed trai=
lers in the history of film marketing, reaching the first place of all trai=
lers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On October 30, to celeb=
rate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar C=
inema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.[137] T=
he three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1=
, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlingt=
on, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest video d=
isplays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the =
largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-Cola =
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to p=
romote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Sp=
ecially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a =
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using aug=
mented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an ep=
isode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Sea=
son 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the=
 program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the =
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=
 McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe c=
alled "Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website se=
t up by Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.=
[142] Books Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social Hist=
ory of Pandora, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's =
fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertai=
nment on November 24, 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data c=
ollected by the humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria W=
ilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page Ja=
mes Cameron's Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of =
Avatar was released on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book feature=
s detailed production artwork from the film, including production sketches,=
 illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wr=
ote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wr=
ote the preface.[145] In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Makin=
g of Avatar, a 272-page book that detailed the film's production process an=
d contains over 500 color photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 int=
erview, Cameron said that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar aft=
er the film was released.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated=
 that Cameron plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead up to tellin=
g the story of the movie, but it would go into much more depth about all th=
e stories that we didn't have time to deal with", saying that "Jim wants to=
 write a novel that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things".[14=
8] In August 2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen f=
our standalone novels to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance Post release=
d a special limited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film=
's worldwide release. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_bl=
ock block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0=
" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D=
"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: cent=
er;" align=3D"center"> <table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
 cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;"> <tr =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td align=3D"center" valign=3D"top" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <table class=3D"primary-table-limit content-=
table" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"=
 width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 600px;"> <tr st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"content-vertical-space" align=
=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 20px; padding-ri=
ght: 20px;"> <table class=3D"content-inner-table" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; wi=
dth: 100%;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=
=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;" class=3D"md-ho=
rizontal-space"></td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-=
serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-heigh=
t: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;" align=3D"left"> <span style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;=
 font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5=
; text-align: left; color: #000000;"> The SEC recently declared war on cryp=
tocurrencies.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing:=
 border-box;"> They filed lawsuits against the two main crypto trading plat=
forms, Coinbase and Binance.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> The SEC chairman declared almost all coins ou=
tside of Bitcoin and Ethereum to be illegally traded securities.<br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> To make=
 matters worse, two different efforts by Congress to set clear rules for th=
e crypto market have stalled.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> The regulatory and legal confusion around cr=
ypto has scared away investors.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> The mainstream headlines are filled with n=
egative stories.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"> One news outlet even asked if the U.S. was trying to kill=
 crypto.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box;"> But I sent this email to tell you:<br style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Nothing could be farther from=
 the truth.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box;"> This isn't a bad time to buy crypto.<br style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> It's the <b style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; font-style: italic;">best</b> time.<br style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> You see, there's =
something going on in the background that almost everyone has missed.<br st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Just=
 seven days after the lawsuits were filed against Coinbase and Binance, ano=
ther story slid by unnoticed.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> It was an application, filed by $9 billion W=
all Street giant BlackRock, to create a Bitcoin ETF.<br style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Why is that important=
?<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
"> Because BlackRock has close ties with the Biden administration.<br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And the=
y have a nearly spotless record of ETF approvals.<br style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> It begs the question:<br=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <=
div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height:=
 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height:=
 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Bruce Banner Considered to be one of the gr=
eatest scientific minds on Earth, Banner possesses "a mind so brilliant it =
cannot be measured on any known intelligence test."[125] Norman Osborn esti=
mates that he is the fourth most-intelligent person on Earth.[126] Banner h=
olds expertise in biology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, physiology, an=
d nuclear physics. Using this knowledge, he creates advanced technology dub=
bed "Bannertech", which is on par with technological development from Tony =
Stark or Doctor Doom. These technologies include and a teleporter and a for=
ce field that can protect him from the attacks of Hulk-level entities. Afte=
r becoming a fugitive from the law, Banner is forced to go on the run and o=
ver the years learns various skills in order to both survive and remain und=
er radar of those who are hunting him. Banner's most frequent method of tra=
vel includes hitchhiking, train hopping or simply just walking as he is una=
ble to travel legally via planes, passenger ships or buses due to being in =
several travel watchlists. Banner is generally on the move and rarely ever =
stays in one place for very long and only does so if there's a possibility =
of curing himself. He will only ever stay in one place for an extended peri=
od of time if it provides him with complete solitude and privacy where the =
Hulk can do little to no harm. To avoid being tracked, Banner does not use =
cell phones, debit or credit cards and will only use payphones or cash. He =
will often use fake identities when staying at motels or working jobs that =
require identification. Having been on the run for years, Banner can normal=
ly tell when he is being followed and will generally make a run for it when=
 he is discovered. Having traveled across the globe, Banner is able to snea=
k over borders without being detected and can get by, by either knowing or =
learning the local language. Often traveling light, Banner has little to no=
 possessions that he carries in either a satchel or backpack. Often losing =
everything he owns after transforming into the Hulk, Banner avoids keeping =
anything of personal value to him so that he can easily replace the items a=
nd clothes that were lost or destroyed. To support himself financially, Ban=
ner will work quick part time jobs and will only accept payments in cash. T=
hese jobs have varied from simply working in low pay diners to working as l=
ocal doctor. Banner's work ethic as well as his vast knowledge and skillset=
 in science, medicine and engineering often help him get hired rather quick=
ly. Unless desperate, Banner will generally avoid jobs that are high stress=
 due to the potential danger of transforming into the Hulk. During his trav=
els, Banner has developed several different techniques to help suppress or =
control his transformations when he becomes a little angry or upset. Among =
the techniques he has learned over the years include meditation and hypnoth=
erapy. While they have helped him to better understand and suppress his tra=
nsformations, none of techniques Banner has learned have helped him to gain=
 full control over the Hulk. The Hulk The Hulk possesses the potential for =
seemingly limitless physical strength that is influenced by his emotional s=
tate, particularly his anger.[127] This has been reflected in the repeated =
comment "The madder Hulk gets, the stronger Hulk gets."[128] The cosmically=
 powerful entity known as the Beyonder once analyzed the Hulk's physiology,=
 and claimed that the Hulk's potential strength had "no finite element insi=
de."[129] Hulk's strength has been depicted as sometimes limited by Banner'=
s subconscious influence; when Jean Grey psionically "shut Banner off", Hul=
k became strong enough to overpower and destroy the physical form of the vi=
llain Onslaught.[130] Writer Greg Pak described the Worldbreaker Hulk shown=
 during World War Hulk as having a level of physical power where "Hulk was =
stronger than any mortal=E2=80=94and most immortals=E2=80=94who ever walked=
 the Earth"[131] and depicted the character as powerful enough to completel=
y destroy entire planets.[132][133] His strength allows him to leap into lo=
wer Earth orbit or across continents,[134][135] and he has displayed superh=
uman speed.[136][137] Exposure to radiation has also been shown to make the=
 Hulk stronger.[129] It is unknown how he gains biomass during transformati=
on but it may be linked to the One-Below-All. His durability, regeneration,=
 and endurance also increase in proportion to his temper.[138] Hulk is resi=
stant to injury or damage, though the degree to which varies between interp=
retations, but he has withstood the equivalent of solar temperatures,[139][=
140] nuclear explosions,[136][141][142][143] and planet-shattering impacts.=
[132][133][144][145][146] Despite his remarkable resiliency, continuous bar=
rages of high-caliber gunfire can hinder his movement to some degree while =
he can be temporarily subdued by intense attacks with chemical weapons such=
 as anesthetic gases, although any interruption of such dosages will allow =
him to quickly recover.[147] He has been shown to have both regenerative an=
d adaptive healing abilities, including growing tissues to allow him to bre=
athe underwater,[148] surviving unprotected in space for extended periods,[=
149] and when injured, healing from most wounds within seconds, including, =
on one occasion, the complete destruction of most of his body mass.[150] Hi=
s future self, the "Maestro", was even eventually able to recover from bein=
g blown to pieces.[151] As an effect, he has an extremely prolonged lifespa=
n.[152][153] He also possesses less commonly described powers, including ab=
ilities allowing him to "home in" to his place of origin in New Mexico;[154=
] resist psychic control,[155][156][157][158] or unwilling transformation;[=
159][160][161] grow stronger from radiation[132][142][143][162][163] or dar=
k magic;[164][165] punch his way between separate temporal[166][167] or spa=
tial[168] dimensions; and to see and interact with astral forms.[165][169] =
Some of these abilities were in later years explained as being related; his=
 ability to home in on the New Mexico bomb site was due to his latent abili=
ty to sense astral forms and spirits, since the bomb site was also the plac=
e where the Maestro's skeleton was and the Maestro's spirit was calling out=
 to him in order to absorb his radiation.[151] He is also shown to have a s=
eparate memory to Bruce Banner - when Spider-Man has the knowledge of his s=
ecret identity erased during Spider-Man: One More Day, the Hulk later asks =
how Peter is doing, not Spider-Man; upon questioning, he enigmatically stat=
es "Banner forgot. But I don't forget." In the first Hulk comic series, "ma=
ssive" doses of gamma rays would cause the Hulk to transform back to Banner=
, although this ability was written out of the character by the 1970s.[cita=
tion needed] Supporting characters Main article: List of Hulk supporting ch=
aracters Over the long publication history of the Hulk's adventures, many r=
ecurring characters have featured prominently, including his best friend an=
d sidekick Rick Jones, love interest and wife Betty Ross and her father, th=
e often adversarial General "Thunderbolt" Ross. Both Banner and Hulk have f=
amilies created in their respective personas. Banner is son to Brian, an ab=
usive father who killed Banner's mother while she tried to protect her son =
from his father's delusional attacks, and cousin to Jennifer Walters, the S=
he-Hulk, who serves as his frequent ally.[170] Banner had a stillborn child=
 with Betty, while the Hulk has two sons with his deceased second wife Caie=
ra Oldstrong, Skaar and Hiro-Kala, and his DNA was used to create a daughte=
r named Lyra with Thundra the warrior woman.[171] The Fantastic Four #12 (M=
arch 1963), featured the Hulk's first battle with the Thing. Although many =
early Hulk stories involve Ross trying to capture or destroy the Hulk, the =
main villain is often a radiation-based character, like the Gargoyle or the=
 Leader, along with other foes such as the Toad Men, or Asian warlord Gener=
al Fang. Ross' daughter Betty loves Banner and criticizes her father for pu=
rsuing the Hulk. General Ross' right-hand man, Major Glenn Talbot, also lov=
es Betty and is torn between pursuing Hulk and trying to gain Betty's love =
more honorably. Rick Jones serves as the Hulk's friend and sidekick in thes=
e early tales. The Hulk's archenemies are the Abomination and the Leader. T=
he Abomination is more monstrous-looking, twice as strong as the Hulk at no=
rmal levels (however, the Abomination's strength levels do not increase whe=
n he gets angry) and wreaks havoc for fun and pleasure. The Leader is a gam=
ma-irradiated super-genius who has tried plan after plan to take over the w=
orld. Cultural impact The Hulk character and the concepts behind it have be=
en raised to the level of iconic status by many within and outside the comi=
c book industry. In 2003, Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine claimed the ch=
aracter had "stood the test of time as a genuine icon of American pop cultu=
re."[172] In 2008, the Hulk was listed as the 19th greatest comic book char=
acter by Wizard magazine.[173] Empire magazine named him as the 14th-greate=
st comic-book character and the fifth-greatest Marvel character.[174] In 20=
11, the Hulk placed No. 9 on IGN's list of "Top 100 Comic Book Heroes",[175=
] and fourth on their list of "The Top 50 Avengers" in 2012.[176] Analysis =
The Hulk is often viewed as a reaction to war. As well as being a reaction =
to the Cold War, the character has been a cipher for the frustrations the V=
ietnam War raised, and Ang Lee said that the Iraq War influenced his direct=
ion.[14][177][178] In the Michael Nyman edited edition of The Guardian, Ste=
fanie Diekmann explored Marvel Comics' reaction to the September 11 attacks=
. Diekmann discussed The Hulk's appearance in the 9/11 tribute comic Heroes=
, claiming that his greater prominence, alongside Captain America, aided in=
 "stressing the connection between anger and justified violence without hav=
ing to depict anything more than a well-known and well-respected protagonis=
t."[179] In Marvel: Five Fabulous Decades of the World's Greatest Comics, L=
es Daniels addresses the Hulk as an embodiment of cultural fears of radiati=
on and nuclear science. He quotes Jack Kirby thus: "As long as we're experi=
menting with radioactivity, there's no telling what may happen, or how much=
 our advancements in science may cost us." Daniels continues, "The Hulk bec=
ame Marvel's most disturbing embodiment of the perils inherent in the atomi=
c age."[180] In Comic Book Nation, Bradford Wright alludes to Hulk's counte=
rculture status, referring to a 1965 Esquire magazine poll amongst college =
students which "revealed that student radicals ranked Spider-Man and the Hu=
lk alongside the likes of Bob Dylan and Che Guevara as their favorite revol=
utionary icons." Wright goes on to cite examples of his anti-authority symb=
ol status. Two of these are "The Ballad of the Hulk" by Jerry Jeff Walker, =
and the Rolling Stone cover for September 30, 1971, a full color Herb Trimp=
e piece commissioned for the magazine.[110][181] The Hulk has been caricatu=
red in such animated television series as The Simpsons,[182] Robot Chicken,=
 and Family Guy,[183] and such comedy TV series as The Young Ones.[184] The=
 character is also used as a cultural reference point for someone displayin=
g anger or agitation. For example, in a 2008 Daily Mirror review of an East=
Enders episode, a character is described as going "into Incredible Hulk mod=
e, smashing up his flat."[185] In September 2019, British Prime Minister Bo=
ris Johnson likened himself to The Hulk in an interview with the Mail On Su=
nday, as political pressure built on him to request an extension to the dat=
e of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union.[186][187] The Hulk, espec=
ially his alter ego Bruce Banner, is also a common reference in hip hop mus=
ic. The term was represented as an analogue to marijuana in Dr. Dre's 2001,=
[188] while more conventional references are made in Ludacris and Jermaine =
Dupri's popular single "Welcome to Atlanta".[citation needed] The 2003 Ang =
Lee-directed Hulk film saw discussion of the character's appeal to Asian Am=
ericans.[189] The Taiwanese-born Ang Lee commented on the "subcurrent of re=
pression" that underscored the character of The Hulk, and how that mirrored=
 his own experience: "Growing up, my artistic leanings were always represse=
d=E2=80=94there was always pressure to do something 'useful,' like being a =
doctor." Jeff Yang, writing for the San Francisco Chronicle, extended this =
self-identification to Asian American culture, arguing that "the passive-ag=
gressive streak runs deep among Asian Americans=E2=80=94especially those wh=
o have entered creative careers, often against their parents' wishes."[190]=
 There have been explorations about the real-world possibility of Hulk's ga=
mma-radiation-based origin. In The Science of Superheroes, Lois Grest and R=
obert Weinberg examined Hulk's powers, explaining the scientific flaws in t=
hem. Most notably, they point out that the level of gamma radiation Banner =
is exposed to at the initial blast would induce radiation sickness and kill=
 him, or if not, create significant cancer risks for Banner, because hard r=
adiation strips cells of their ability to function. They go on to offer up =
an alternate origin, in which a Hulk might be created by biological experim=
entation with adrenal glands and GFP. Charles Q. Choi from LiveScience.com =
further explains that, unlike the Hulk, gamma rays are not green; existing =
as they do beyond the visible spectrum, gamma rays have no color at all tha=
t we can describe. He also explains that gamma rays are so powerful (the mo=
st powerful form of electromagnetic radiation and 10,000 times more powerfu=
l than visible light) that they can even convert energy into matter =E2=80=
=93 a possible explanation for the increased mass that Bruce Banner takes o=
n during transformations. "Just as the Incredible Hulk 'is the strongest on=
e there is,' as he says himself, so too are gamma-ray bursts the most power=
ful explosions known." </div> If the Biden-controlled SEC seems to be makin=
g it clear that crypto isn't welcome in the U.S. =E2=80=A6<br style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Then why were t=
heir top donors applying to manage crypto investments just a week later?<br=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> D=
on't let the government lawsuits fool you.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> We believe Wall Street is engag=
ed in a stealth takeover of cryptocurrency.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And when and if their takeover=
 is complete =E2=80=94 starting with BlackRock's Bitcoin ETF =E2=80=94 I ex=
pect the price of Bitcoin and most cryptos to spike immediately.<br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And the=
y may never come back down.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Bear in mind, however, the clock is ticking.<=
br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
 This approval could come at any moment.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And you don't want to be caught f=
lat-footed.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box;"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smartpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df8=
8b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3Df22e6ee175bc405da99b06d719152aa2&_e=3D5=
z6WwEITkg6sU5TDHTq3Get-rXgizJJtozY2dfihPdaQ8KzPtrSNS-BK4omMj_UUeLETBRY6w1y_=
qAD7v34TpL1RaP_4auxIXLvIGJ3kfXfB-6HjvvDMIm0VYDxUeXQEvohLn_0NzThK3poz134hXEi=
fZYywRy0RIMrELUbJeoLBZ8_n9I-eyKHkJtg3sDKFO8Jx_teDo7QwIDEJa7qOUt4Tj3wt5efLyw=
fA9X6fz58XyUmjLQ6Itxm9dw9Ai8iq" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-famil=
y: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-decoration: underline; font=
-size: 18px; font-weight: 700;"> Click here to get the full story =E2=80=A6=
 plus the ONLY altcoin I think you should own.</a><br style=3D"box-sizing: =
border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Sincerely,<br style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box;"> <td class=3D"img-bg-block" align=3D"left" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;"> <img alt=3D"Signature"=
 height=3D"auto" src=3D"https://smartpeoplemail.com/wp-content/uploads/2023=
/11/Juan-Villaverde.png" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0; displa=
y: block; outline: none; text-decoration: none; height: auto; width: 160px;=
 max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px;" width=3D"160"> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family=
: 'Roboto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: norm=
al; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000=
;" align=3D"left"> <span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Rob=
oto', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; fo=
nt-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;"> Ju=
an Villaverde<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <em style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box;">Crypto Analyst</em><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <b=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">Weiss Ratings</b> </span> </td> </tr> <t=
r style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td height=3D"30" width=3D"100%" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 100%;" class=3D"md-horizontal-space"=
></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table></div></td><=
/tr></table><table class=3D"html_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
<div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Hel=
vetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: h=
idden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: =
0; margin: 0;">Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10,=
 2009, and was released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156]=
 The film was originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[15=
7] but was pushed back to allow more post-production time (the last shots w=
ere delivered in November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to=
 install 3D projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio wo=
uld be 1.78:1 for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted =
for 2D screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for =
use with constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in widt=
h to display 2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on =
December 16, the movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some co=
pies delivered weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems=
 were fixed in time for the public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a =
total of 3,457 theaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D.=
 In total, 90% of all advance ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screening=
s.[163] Internationally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 =
territories, of which 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of t=
he first weekend gross).[164][165] The film was simultaneously presented in=
 IMAX 3D format, opening in 178 theaters in the United States on December 1=
8. The international IMAX release included 58 theaters beginning on Decembe=
r 16, and 25 more theaters were to be added in the coming weeks.[166] The I=
MAX release was the company's widest to date, a total of 261 theaters world=
wide. The previous IMAX record opening was Harry Potter and the Half-Blood =
Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and about 70 internati=
onal.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and later released Avatar in 4D v=
ersion, which included "moving seats, smells of explosives, sprinkling wate=
r, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original release In July 2010, Cameron =
confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical rerelease of the film =
on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D.[168] Avatar: Sp=
ecial Edition includes an additional nine minutes of footage, all of which =
is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[170] and various other =
scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[169] This extended =
re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the then-current IMA=
X platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time for the end cre=
dits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost more than $=
1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week re-releas=
e, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in North Am=
erica and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2 million.[5=
] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing it to sur=
pass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all time.[24]=
 Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt Disney S=
tudios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the film bei=
ng remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high frame =
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22 premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Ca=
meron previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promotin=
g the Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in =
the works to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby=
 Cinema. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr>=
</tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" =
border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tb=
ody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" a=
lign=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"pr=
esentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table=
-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 6=
00px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"colu=
mn column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspa=
ce: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bot=
tom: 5px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-righ=
t: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><tab=
le class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-seri=
f; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide:=
 all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">H=
ome media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and =
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide=
 with Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain an=
y supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in=
 favor of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also=
 preserves the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was =
the best format to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ =
5) which some Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[=
179][180] Avatar set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sale=
s at 1.5 million units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dar=
k Knight (600,000 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined wer=
e over four million units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sal=
es of Avatar on Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada=
 =E2=80=93 overtaking The Dark Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-r=
ay release in the region.[182][183] The release later broke the Blu-ray sal=
es record in the UK the following week.[184] In its first three weeks of re=
lease, the film sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined=
, a new record for sales in that period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sale=
s (not including Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sold with $190,80=
6,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar retained its record as the top-selling Blu-ra=
y in the US market until January 2015, when it was surpassed by Disney's Fr=
ozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edition on DVD and Bl=
u-ray was released on November 16, 2010. Three different versions of the fi=
lm are present on the discs: the original theatrical cut (162 minutes), the=
 special edition cut (170 minutes), and a collector's extended cut (178 min=
utes). The DVD set spreads the film across two discs, while the Blu-ray set=
 presents it on a single disc.[188] The collector's extended cut contains 8=
 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer than the origina=
l theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, and in a continuous=
 screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening". He stated the "Ea=
rth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes that were in =
the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the film=
's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45 minu=
tes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated that =
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on=
 3D Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version =
would be released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox ha=
d given Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only =
with the purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivit=
y period is stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Camer=
on stated that the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the =
film's home release and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Chr=
istmas Eve 2010, Avatar had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][1=
94][195] On August 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar woul=
d be released globally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was final=
ly released on October 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical response On review=
 aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive, and the avera=
ge rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might be more impressi=
ve on a technical level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffir=
ms James Cameron's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[19=
8] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean score =E2=80=94 th=
e film has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "univer=
sal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average=
 grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed was reported =
to give this rating. These polls also indicated that the main draw of the f=
ilm was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the=
 film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of four. "Watching Avatar,=
 I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977," he said, adding =
that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, =
the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is not simpl=
y a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical breakt=
hrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Scott of =
At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he vi=
ewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvious=
," it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety p=
raised the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating =
another world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting=
."[204] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive r=
eview. "The screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with m=
ore robust music than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," =
he stated.[205] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a=
-half out of four star rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the=
 possibilities of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big a=
s his dreams."[206] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film =
was "the most vivid and convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in=
 the history of moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Tim=
es thought the film has "powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogu=
e" and "obvious characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews pra=
ised the film and its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In=
 3-D, it's immersive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 =
story, character, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are p=
resented with sufficient expertise to make even the 2-D version an engrossi=
ng 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlying social and poli=
tical themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Press wrote =
that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent facets =
of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Moore of =
The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and state=
d "If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud=
 the defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special e=
ffects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the =
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the A=
merican colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. =
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is "Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of ch=
oice for a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean cal=
led the film a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in gener=
al",[215] and Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commend=
ed the film's message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hin=
duism in the Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avata=
r is another film that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some=
 white guy" becomes the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] =
Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideolog=
ical Rorschach blot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Heral=
d thought that "It [was] impossible to watch Avatar without being banged ov=
er the head with the director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo bel=
ieved that an essential, yet less visible social theme that contributed to =
Avatar's success concerns contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars an=
d "the transition from the world of reality to that of virtual reality".[22=
0] Critics and audiences have cited similarities with other films, literatu=
re or media, describing the perceived connections in ways ranging from simp=
le "borrowing" to outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called i=
t "the same movie" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Ava=
tar has been characterized as being a "white savior" movie, in which a "bac=
kwards" native people is impotent without the leadership of a member of the=
 invading white culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concept and use of an a=
vatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paral=
yzed man uses his mind from orbit to control an artificial body on Jupiter.=
[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar has elements i=
n common with the 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky=
, which are set in the 22nd century on a forested world called Pandora with=
 a sentient indigenous species called the Nave.[226] Various reviews have c=
ompared Avatar to the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocah=
ontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Edition has compared th=
e film to a montage of tropes, with one commentator stating that Avatar was=
 made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl =
wrote that "the science fiction story that most closely resembles Avatar ha=
s to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for World Is Forest (1972), anoth=
er epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who happily inhabit dense f=
orests while living in harmony with nature until they are attacked and slau=
ghtered by invading human soldiers who believe that the only good gook is a=
 dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor Gardner Dozois said=
 that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "mash-up" included A=
lan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources saw similarities =
to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic images of dragons an=
d floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, c=
laiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sought damages =
of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood Reporter=
 noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236] Avatar r=
eceived compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising it as "=
the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" and o=
thers calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and "brilli=
ant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a noted f=
an of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not in my =
top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you have=
 any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc B=
esson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the g=
raphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppor=
ts the scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original=
 script in the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked=
 Avatar number 3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium=
 (Thus Far)"[240] also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 lis=
t,[241] and IGN listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-=
Fi movies of all time. </div></div></td></tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></t=
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=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-tab=
le-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-=
align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; disp=
lay: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; he=
ight: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;"> After th=
e film's release and unusually strong box office performance over its first=
 two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titanic's =
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294] Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassin=
g Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered t=
he first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided b=
y higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its suc=
cess to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if th=
ey manage anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their s=
econd. Dipping just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Pa=
ul Dergarabedian, president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This=
 is just unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a misca=
lculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldwide g=
ross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's =
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296] =
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed =
it was too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays.=
 He said, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and th=
e film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were abo=
ut $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was=
 realistic to "try to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck=
 some kind of chord" and there had been other good films in recent years.[2=
97] He changed his prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just=
 a matter of time," he said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these =
other epic works of fantasy and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and=
 the Star Treks. People want a persistent alternate reality to invest thems=
elves in and they want the detail that makes it rich and worth their time. =
They want to live somewhere else. Like Pandora. James Cameron on the succes=
s of Avatar[299] Although analysts have been unable to agree that Avatar's =
success is attributable to one primary factor, several explanations have be=
en advanced. First, January is historically "the dumping ground for the yea=
r's weakest films", and this also applied to 2010.[300] Cameron himself sai=
d he decided to open the film in December so that it would have less compet=
ition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitalized on the same January pr=
edictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avat=
ar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "At this point, peo=
ple who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and would even if t=
he slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty factor" also he=
lped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that should be seen in t=
he theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can have the same =
experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets=
.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and international viewings=
 helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned overseas, and Avatar [tra=
cked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets globally and was No. 1 in a=
ll of them", and the markets "such as Russia, where Titanic saw modest rece=
ipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "more screens and moviegoe=
rs" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D accumulated $1.3 bi=
llion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more than 10% of the tot=
al 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=93 an average =
of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[300] Like=
wise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses but =
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to $18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology w=
as the possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having=
 no basis in previously established material makes its performance remarkab=
le and even more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies =
in its story and themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like th=
e other top-grossing films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movi=
es (an established film franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). =
It was a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after=
 a combined production and promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 milli=
on, the film turned a net profit of $1.2 billion. </div></div></td></tr></t=
able></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>=
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