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Bill O=E2=80=99Reilly is at the forefront of an explosive new story=E2=80=
=A6 AGAIN


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Principal photography for Avatar began in April 2007 in Los Angeles and=20
Wellington. Cameron described the film as a hybrid with a full live-action=
=20
shoot in combination with computer-generated characters and live environmen=
ts.=20
"Ideally at the end of the day the audience has no idea which they're looki=
ng=20
at," Cameron said. The director indicated that he had already worked four=
=20
months on nonprincipal scenes for the film.[66] The live action was shot wi=
th a=20
modified version of the proprietary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, devel=
oped=20
by Cameron and Vince Pace.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D=
=20
filming for Avatar would be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's=
=20
strong opinion that a 3-D film requires higher frame rate to make strobing =
less=20
noticeable.[68] According to Cameron, the film is composed of 60%=20
computer-generated elements and 40% live action, as well as traditional=20
miniatures.[69] Motion-capture photography lasted 31 days at the Hughes=20
Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Los Angeles.[54][70] Live action photograp=
hy=20
began in October 2007 at Stone Street Studios in Wellington and was schedul=
ed=20
to last 31 days.[71] More than a thousand people worked on the production.[=
70]=20
In preparation of the filming sequences, all of the actors underwent=20
professional training specific to their characters such as archery, horseba=
ck=20
riding, firearm use, and hand-to-hand combat. They received language and=20
dialect training in the Na'vi language created for the film.[72] Before=20
shooting the film, Cameron also sent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical=20
rainforests[73] to get a feel for a rainforest setting before shooting on t=
he=20
soundstage.[72] During filming, Cameron made use of his virtual camera syst=
em,=20
a new way of directing motion-capture filmmaking. The system shows the acto=
rs'=20
virtual counterparts in their digital surroundings in real time, allowing t=
he=20
director to adjust and direct scenes just as if shooting live action. Accor=
ding=20
to Cameron, "It's like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly throug=
h=20
space, or change my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a=
=20
living miniature and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventio=
nal=20
techniques, the complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capt=
ure=20
of the actors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the=
=20
value or importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need fo=
r=20
repeated camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups=
,=20
scenes do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the=
=20
system as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a=20
mountain or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control ov=
er=20
the elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter=
=20
Jackson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to=
=20
think of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture=
=20
brings the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors on=
ly=20
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were=20
also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.[77] =
To=20
film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camera referr=
ed=20
to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera and the virt=
ual=20
camera systems. While filming live action in real time with the simulcam, t=
he=20
CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed from scratch, are=
=20
superimposed over the live action images as in augmented reality and shown =
on a=20
small monitor, making it possible for the director to instruct the actors h=
ow=20
to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72] Due to Cameron's person=
al=20
convictions about climate change, he allowed only plant-based (vegan) food =
to=20
be served on set.=20


A number of innovative visual effects techniques were used during productio=
n.=20
According to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to=
=20
allow the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequa=
tely=20
portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use of=
=20
photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion capt=
ure=20
animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months leading up t=
o=20
December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting massive ar=
eas=20
like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume" six times lar=
ger=20
than any previously used, and an improved method of capturing facial=20
expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the face capturi=
ng,=20
actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny camera position=
ed=20
in front of the actors' faces; the information collected about their facial=
=20
expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[81] According to=20
Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100% of the actors'=
=20
physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Besides the=20
performance capture data which were transferred directly to the computers,=
=20
numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angles of each=
=20
performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the end of the fi=
lm=20
when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake in human form=
,=20
and attention was given to the details of the shadows and reflected light=
=20
between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta Digital in=20
Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film.[85] Beca=
use=20
of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, cataloged and availab=
le=20
for everybody involved, even on the other side of the world, a new cloud=20
computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Gaia was created =
by=20
Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews to keep track of a=
nd=20
coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] To render Avatar, Weta=
=20
used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use of 4,000 Hewlett-Packar=
d=20
servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 terabytes of RAM and three=20
petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux, Grid Engine cluster=
=20
manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers, Pixar's RenderMan an=
d=20
Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89][90] The render farm=20
occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list of the world's most=20
powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint software system, called=
=20
Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with Weta.[91][92] Creati=
ng=20
the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora required over a petab=
yte=20
of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the final footage for Avatar=20
occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would often take the computer=
=20
several hours to render a single frame of the film.[95] To help finish=20
preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number of other companie=
s=20
were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Magic, which worked=20
alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM was responsible =
for=20
the visual effects for many of the film's specialized vehicles and devised =
a=20
new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was the film's visual effec=
ts=20
general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main article: Avatar: Music fr=
om=20
the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jake Enters His Avatar World" 0:=
32 listen to=20
a clip from the score of the 2009 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? =
See=20
media help. Composer James Horner scored the film, his third collaboration =
with=20
Cameron after Aliens and Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score wi=
th a=20
small chorus singing in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also=
=20
worked with Wanda Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture f=
or=20
the alien race.[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place =
in=20
early 2009.[101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would n=
ot=20
work on any other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the sc=
ore=20
from four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stat=
ed=20
in an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on =
and=20
the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
=20
different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected t=
he=20
Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" score=
 to=20
drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing the theme=
=20
song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video, directe=
d by=20
Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace.

At times, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at Smart People M=
ail=20
with special opportunities for our readers. The message below is one we thi=
nk=20
you should take a close, serious look at.


=E2=80=8A


Avatar is primarily an action-adventure journey of self-discovery, in the=
=20
context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[104] Cameron said his inspiration=
 was=20
"every single science fiction book I read as a kid" and that he wanted to=
=20
update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs' John Carter series.[11] He=20
acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with the films At Play in the Fields=
 of=20
the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess Mononoke, which feature clashes=
=20
between cultures and civilizations, and with Dances with Wolves, where a=20
battered soldier finds himself drawn to the culture he was initially fighti=
ng=20
against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Miyazaki's anime films such as Princ=
ess=20
Mononoke as an influence on the ecosystem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron=
=20
filed a 45-page legal declaration that intended to "describe in great detai=
l=20
the genesis of the ideas, themes, storylines, and images that came to be=20
Avatar."[107] In addition to historical events (such as European colonizati=
on=20
of the Americas), his life experiences and several of his unproduced projec=
ts,=20
Cameron drew connections between Avatar and his previous films. He cited hi=
s=20
script and concept art for Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film,=
 as=20
being the basis for many of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stat=
ed=20
that Avatar's "concepts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the id=
ea=20
of projecting force or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien=
=20
planets, greedy corporate interests backed up by military force, the story =
of a=20
seemingly weaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, an=
d=20
the good scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earl=
ier=20
films including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminat=
or=20
and Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentac=
le"=20
in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance of.=
..an=20
alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trust."[108=
]=20
Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "reference points=
 and=20
sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his "favorite" fil=
ms,=20
2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolution after meeting=
=20
alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider...encounters and=20
immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins that group to fig=
ht=20
other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with the concept of a hum=
an=20
operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world from George Henry Smith=
's=20
short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the=
=20
Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by reading the cyberpunk nov=
els=20
Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in the Net by Bruce Sterling. The=
=20
idea of a "world mind" originated in the novel Solaris by Stanislaw Lem.=20
Cameron mentioned several other films about people interacting with "indige=
nous=20
cultures" as inspiring him, including Dances with Wolves, The Man Who Would=
 Be=20
King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and=20
FernGully. He also cited as inspiration the John Carter and Tarzan stories =
by=20
Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adventure stories by Rudyard Kipling and H.=
=20
Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interview with Time magazine, Cameron was ask=
ed=20
about the meaning of the term Avatar, to which he replied, "It's an incarna=
tion=20
of one of the Hindu gods taking a flesh form. In this film what that means =
is=20
that the human technology in the future is capable of injecting a human's=
=20
intelligence into a remotely located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron =
also=20
cited the Japanese cyberpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms o=
f=20
how humans can remotely control, and transfer their personalities into, ali=
en=20
bodies.[109][110] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri,=
=20
Cameron applied a star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the traditi=
on=20
of Romeo and Juliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of =
Jack=20
and Rose from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come f=
rom=20
radically different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship an=
d=20
are forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron=
=20
described Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed th=
e=20
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's=
=20
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
=20
nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love st=
ory=20
would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical=20
attractiveness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by=20
considering her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Camer=
on=20
felt Jake and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers=20
(Worthington and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two act=
ors=20
"had a great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle =
of a=20
forest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by =
the=20
Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest Pa=
rk=20
For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew inspirat=
ion=20
from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst limestone=20
formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Cole, the=
=20
fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Yellow=
=20
Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] Cameron=
 had=20
noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the floating=20
mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony on Pando=
ra,=20
production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil platform in=
 the=20
Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measured and filmed eve=
ry=20
aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-screen with=20
photorealistic CGI during post-production.


The first photo of the film was released on August 14, 2009,[124] and Empir=
e=20
released exclusive images from the film in its October issue.[125] Cameron,=
=20
producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang, and Sigourney Weaver appear=
ed=20
at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at the 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on Ju=
ly=20
23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was screened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weav=
er=20
and Cameron appeared at additional panels to promote the film, speaking on =
the=20
23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] respectively. James Cameron announced at the=
=20
Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, th=
e=20
trailer was released in all theatrical formats. The official game trailer a=
nd=20
toy line of the film were also unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second=20
trailer was released online on August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second tra=
iler=20
was premiered in theaters on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered on=
line=20
on Yahoo! on October 29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended=
=20
version in IMAX 3D received overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Holly=
wood=20
Reporter said that audience expectations were colored by "the [same]=20
establishment skepticism that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing=
=20
reflected the desire for original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been am=
ong=20
the most viewed trailers in the history of film marketing, reaching the fir=
st=20
place of all trailers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On Oct=
ober=20
30, to celebrate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowe=
d=20
Megastar Cinema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of=20
press.[137] The three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live =
on=20
November 1, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium =
in=20
Arlington, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest=
=20
video displays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to =
be=20
the largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-C=
ola=20
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to=
=20
promote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com.=
=20
Specially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of =
a=20
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using=20
augmented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an=
=20
episode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease"=20
(Season 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on=
 the=20
program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the=
=20
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm=20
on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=20
McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe ca=
lled=20
"Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website set up b=
y=20
Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.[142] Bo=
oks=20
Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social History of Pando=
ra,=20
a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's fictional settin=
g of=20
the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertainment on November 24,=
=20
2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data collected by the humans=
=20
about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria Wilhelm and Dirk Mathiso=
n.=20
HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page James Cameron's Avatar: The=
=20
Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of Avatar was released on=20
November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book features detailed production=
=20
artwork from the film, including production sketches, illustrations by Lisa=
=20
Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wrote the foreword, Camer=
on=20
wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wrote the preface.[145] In=
=20
October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Making of Avatar, a 272-page b=
ook=20
that detailed the film's production process and contains over 500 color=20
photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 interview, Cameron said that =
he=20
planned to write a novel version of Avatar after the film was released.[147=
] In=20
February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated that Cameron plans a prequel nove=
l=20
for Avatar that will "lead up to telling the story of the movie, but it wou=
ld=20
go into much more depth about all the stories that we didn't have time to d=
eal=20
with", saying that "Jim wants to write a novel that is a big, epic story th=
at=20
fills in a lot of things".[148] In August 2013 it was announced that Camero=
n=20
hired Steven Gould to pen four standalone novels to expand the Avatar=20
universe.[149] ance Post released a special limited edition stamp based on=
=20
Avatar, coinciding with the film's worldwide release.


Dear Reader,

 Bill O=E2=80=99Reilly is at the forefront of an explosive new story=E2=80=
=A6 AGAIN=20
<https://www.bropom.com/oxdbom/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/OXB10>

You won=E2=80=99t see this shocking story anywhere else=E2=80=A6..

 His guest today must have made the most outrageous prediction=E2=80=A6 for=
 the next 2=20
years.

 And Bill completely lost it and could have even dismissed him from the=20
interview=E2=80=A6

 Until he remembered who he was talking to=E2=80=A6

 His guest is a researcher, futurist, investment analyst, a New York Times=
=20
bestselling financial author and former portfolio manager.

 He predicted the dot-com collapse... the rise of digital and medical=20
technology=E2=80=A6

 The housing crisis and the 10-year bull market that followed=E2=80=A6=20

Bruce Banner During his decades of publication, Banner has been portrayed=
=20
differently, but common themes persist. Banner, a physicist who earned his=
=20
Ph.D. in nuclear physics from the California Institute of Technology (Calte=
ch),=20
is sarcastic and seemingly very self-assured when he first appears in=20
Incredible Hulk #1, but is also emotionally withdrawn.[4] Banner designed t=
he=20
gamma bomb that caused his affliction, and the ironic twist of his=20
self-inflicted fate has been one of the most persistent common themes.[9] A=
rie=20
Kaplan describes the character thus: "Robert Bruce Banner lives in a consta=
nt=20
state of panic, always wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and=20
therefore he cannot form meaningful bonds with anyone."[106] As a child,=20
Banner's father Brian often got mad and physically abused both Banner and h=
is=20
mother, creating the psychological complex of fear, anger, and the fear of=
=20
anger and the destruction it can cause that underlies the character. Banner=
 has=20
been shown to be emotionally repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty=
=20
Ross, and for solving problems posed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenk=
ins,=20
Banner was shown to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and=
=20
observation to figure out the events transpiring around him. On the occasio=
ns=20
that Banner controlled the Hulk's body, he applied principles of physics to=
=20
problems and challenges and used deductive reasoning. It was shown after hi=
s=20
ability to turn into the Hulk was taken away by the red Hulk that Banner ha=
s=20
been extremely versatile as well as cunning when dealing with the many=20
situations that followed. When he was briefly separated from the Hulk by Do=
om,=20
Banner became criminally insane, driven by his desire to regain the power o=
f=20
the Hulk, but once the two recombined he came to accept that he was a bette=
r=20
person with the Hulk to provide something for him to focus on controlling=
=20
rather than allowing his intellect to run without restraint against the=20
world.[107] Hulk The traditional Hulk, often called "Savage Hulk", was=20
originally shown as grey and average in intelligence. He roamed aimlessly a=
nd=20
became annoyed at "puny" humans who took him for a dangerous monster. Short=
ly=20
after becoming the Hulk, his transformation continued turning him green,=20
coinciding with him beginning to display primitive speech.[102] By Incredib=
le=20
Hulk #4, radiation treatments gave Banner's mind complete control of the Hu=
lk's=20
body. While Banner relished his indestructibility and power, he was quick t=
o=20
anger and more aggressive in his Hulk form. He became known as a hero along=
side=20
the Avengers, but his increasing paranoia caused him to leave the group. He=
 was=20
convinced that he would never be trusted.[103] Originally, the Hulk was sho=
wn=20
as simple-minded and quick to anger.[108] The Hulk generally divorces his=
=20
identity from Banner's, decrying Banner as "puny Banner."[109] From his=20
earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding sanctuary and=20
quiet.[9] He is often shown to quickly react emotionally to situations. Gre=
st=20
and Weinberg call Hulk the "dark, primordial side of Banner's psyche."[14] =
Even=20
in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third person. Hulk retains a=
=20
modest intelligence, thinking and talking in full sentences. Lee even gives=
 the=20
Hulk expository dialogue in issue #6, allowing readers to learn just what=
=20
capabilities Hulk has, when the Hulk says, "But these muscles ain't just fo=
r=20
show! All I gotta do is spring up and just keep goin'!" In the 1970s, Hulk =
was=20
shown as more prone to anger and rage, and less talkative. Writers played w=
ith=20
the nature of his transformations,[110] briefly giving Banner control over =
the=20
change, and the ability to maintain control of his Hulk form. Artistically =
and=20
conceptually, the character has become progressively more muscular and powe=
rful=20
in the years since his debut.[111] Joe Fixit Originally, Stan Lee wanted th=
e=20
Hulk to be grey. Due to ink problems, Hulk's color was changed to green. Th=
is=20
was later changed in the story to indicate that the Grey Hulk and the Savag=
e=20
Hulk are separate dissociative identities or entities fighting for control =
in=20
Bruce's subconscious. The Grey Hulk incarnation can do the more unscrupulou=
s=20
things that Banner could not bring himself to do, with many sources compari=
ng=20
the Grey Hulk to the moody teenager that Banner never allowed himself to be=
.=20
While the grey Hulk still had the-madder-he-gets, the-stronger-he-gets part=
=20
that is similar to the Savage Hulk, it is on a much slower rate. It is said=
 by=20
the Leader that the Grey Hulk is stronger on nights of the new moon and wea=
ker=20
on nights of the full moon. Originally, the night is when Bruce Banner beca=
me=20
the Grey Hulk and changed back by dawn. In later comics, willpower or stres=
s=20
would have Banner turn into the Grey Hulk.[112] During one storyline where =
he=20
was placed under a spell to prevent him turning back into Bruce Banner and=
=20
publicly presumed dead when he was teleported away from a gamma bomb explos=
ion=20
that destroyed an entire town, the grey Hulk adopted a specific name as Joe=
=20
Fixit, a security expert for Las Vegas casino owner Michael Berengetti, wit=
h=20
the grey Hulk often being referred to as Joe after these events.[113] Joe F=
ixit=20
later gained the ability to transform into his version of Red Hulk form whe=
n in=20
the Below-Place.[114] Merged Hulk Convinced that unaided, the Banner, Green=
=20
Hulk, and Grey Hulk identities would eventually destroy each other, Doc Sam=
son=20
uses hypnosis to merge the three to create a new single identity combining=
=20
Banner's intelligence with the Grey Hulk's and Banner's attitudes and the G=
reen=20
Hulk's body. This new Merged Hulk, Professor Hulk, or simply The Professor,=
=20
considered himself cured and began a new life, but the merger was not perfe=
ct,=20
and the Hulk sometimes still considered Banner a separate person, and when=
=20
overcome with rage the Merged Hulk would transform back into Banner's human=
=20
body while still thinking himself the Hulk.[105] The Merged Hulk is the lar=
gest=20
of the three primary Hulk incarnations. While in a calm emotional state, th=
e=20
Merged Hulk is stronger than Savage Hulk when he is calm. Unlike the Savage=
=20
Hulk and the Grey Hulk, Banner subconsciously installed a type of safeguard=
=20
within this incarnation. The safeguard is that when the Merged Hulk gets an=
gry,=20
he regresses back to Banner with the mind of the Savage Hulk.[115] Doc Gree=
n A=20
variation of the Merged Hulk identity takes on the name Doc Green as the re=
sult=20
of Extremis fixing Hulk's brain, becoming powerful enough to destroy Tony=
=20
Stark's mansion with one thunderclap. This form was also known as Omega=20
Hulk.[85] It was theorized by Doc Green that this form was an earlier=20
incarnation of his possible future form Maestro.[116] The Devil/Immortal Th=
e=20
Devil Hulk or Immortal Hulk, or simply the Devil or Immortal, is the result=
 of=20
the Hulk needing a father figure. While the character's physical appearance=
=20
varies, he is always depicted as having glowing red eyes and reptilian=20
traits.[117] The new form of the Devil Hulk is the result of Banner and Hul=
k=20
having been through different deaths and rebirths. This incarnation is=20
articulate, smart, and cunning, and does merciless attacks on those who do=
=20
harm. Unlike the other Hulk incarnations, the Devil Hulk is content with=20
waiting inside Bruce. If Bruce is injured by sunset, the Devil Hulk will em=
erge=20
with his transformation being limited to night-time.[98] Thanks to the Devi=
l=20
Hulk side and Banner working together, the Devil Hulk can maintain his form=
 in=20
sunlight.[118] Other identities The Gravage Hulk is the result of Banner us=
ing=20
the Gamma Projector on himself which merged his Savage Hulk and Grey Hulk=
=20
identities. This form possesses the raw power of the Savage Hulk and the=20
cunning intellect of the Grey Hulk. While he does not draw on anger to empo=
wer=20
him, the Gravage Hulk identity draws on dimensional nexus energies to incre=
ase=20
his strength.[119] The Dark Hulk identity is the result of Hulk being posse=
ssed=20
by Shanzar. This form has black skin and is viciously strong.[120] The Guil=
t=20
Hulk is a malevolent representation of Banner's abusive father, Brian Banne=
r,=20
that manifests itself in Banner's childhood memories.[121] The Green Scar=
=20
identity is unleashed on Sakaar and is an enraged version of the Gravage Hu=
lk.=20
In addition, he is an expert in armed combat like the use of swords and=20
shields. Green Scar is also a capable leader and an expert strategist.[122]=
=20
Kluh is a personality of Hulk who is described as the "Hulk's Hulk". This f=
orm=20
sports a white mohawk, black skin, and red lines on him.[83] Titan is a mor=
e=20
monstrous and malicious form of Hulk who stands at 30 ft., has black skin,=
=20
rock-like spikes on his shoulders, and possesses the ability to shoot laser=
s=20
from his eyes.[123] This personality was born when it was planted in Hulk b=
y=20
D'Spayre. He nailed all of those.=20

 And along the way he=E2=80=99s even helped Bill make a lot of money.=20

Bill has voluntarily made this extraordinary video public so everyone can s=
ee=20
it for themselves=E2=80=A6=20

 Viewer discretion is advised=E2=80=A6=20

 <https://www.bropom.com/oxdbom/sterlingwhg@gmail.com/044SPM/B/OXB10>=20
Initial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was=
=20
released theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was=
=20
originally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pus=
hed=20
back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in=
=20
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D=20
projectors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:=
1=20
for 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D=20
screenings.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use wit=
h=20
constant-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to disp=
lay=20
2.39:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, =
the=20
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered=20
weren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in =
time for the=20
public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 theaters in t=
he=20
US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of all advance=
=20
ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internationally, Avata=
r=20
opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of which 3,671 were=
=20
showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend gross).[164][165=
]=20
The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, opening in 178=20
theaters in the United States on December 18. The international IMAX releas=
e=20
included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more theaters were to=
 be=20
added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was the company's widest t=
o=20
date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previous IMAX record opening w=
as=20
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which opened in 161 IMAX theaters i=
n=20
the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th Century Fox Korea adapted and=
=20
later released Avatar in 4D version, which included "moving seats, smells o=
f=20
explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights and wind".[20] Post-original rel=
ease=20
In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that there would be an extended theatrical=
=20
rerelease of the film on August 27, 2010, exclusively in 3D theaters and IM=
AX=20
3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition includes an additional nine minutes of=20
footage, all of which is CG,[169] including an extension of the sex scene[1=
70]=20
and various other scenes that were cut from the original theatrical film.[1=
69]=20
This extended re-release resulted in the film's run time approaching the=20
then-current IMAX platter maximum of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time=
 for=20
the end credits. Cameron stated that the nine minutes of added scenes cost =
more=20
than $1 million a minute to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week=20
re-release, Avatar: Special Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in=
=20
North America and $22.46 million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2=20
million.[5] The film was later re-released in China in March 2021, allowing=
 it=20
to surpass Avengers: Endgame to become the highest-grossing film of all=20
time.[24] Avatar was re-released in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt=
=20
Disney Studios Motion Pictures for a limited two week engagement, with the =
film=20
being remastered in 4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high fra=
me=20
rate of 48-frames-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 20=
22=20
premiere of its sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Camer=
on=20
previously teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the=
=20
Dolby Cinema re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the wo=
rks=20
to remaster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema.


Home media 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and=
=20
Blu-ray in the US on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] T=
he=20
US release was not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide wi=
th=20
Earth Day.[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any=20
supplemental features other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in f=
avor=20
of and to make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preser=
ves=20
the film's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best fo=
rmat=20
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some=20
Blu-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avat=
ar=20
set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
=20
units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,000=
=20
units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four millio=
n=20
units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on Blu-=
ray=20
reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overtaking Th=
e Dark=20
Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in the region.[182][=
183]=20
The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the UK the following=20
week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film sold a total of 19=
.7=20
million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record for sales in that=20
period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including Blu-ray) totaled=
=20
over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue.[186] Avatar reta=
ined=20
its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US market until January 2015, =
when=20
it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The Avatar three-disc Extended=20
Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was released on November 16, 2010. T=
hree=20
different versions of the film are present on the discs: the original=20
theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition cut (170 minutes), and a=
=20
collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD set spreads the film across=
 two=20
discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on a single disc.[188] The collect=
or's=20
extended cut contains 8 more minutes of footage, thus making it 16 minutes=
=20
longer than the original theatrical cut. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit do=
wn,=20
and in a continuous screening of the film, watch it with the Earth opening"=
. He=20
stated the "Earth opening" is an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes=
 that were=20
in the film for much of its production but were ultimately cut before the=
=20
film's theatrical release.[189] The release also includes an additional 45=
=20
minutes of deleted scenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated t=
hat=20
Avatar would be released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued =
a=20
correction: "3-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3=
D=20
Blu-ray in November."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version woul=
d be=20
released some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given=
=20
Panasonic an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the=
=20
purchase of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period =
is=20
stated to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated th=
at=20
the standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rel=
ease=20
and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010, Ava=
tar=20
had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On August 13, 2=
012,=20
Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released globally on Blu=
-ray=20
3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on October 16, 2012.[1=
97]=20
Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, 82% of 31=
9=20
reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4/10. The site's consensu=
s=20
reads, "It might be more impressive on a technical level than as a piece of=
=20
storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron's singular gift for=20
imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic =E2=80=94 which assi=
gns a=20
weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a score of 83 out of 100 based o=
n 35=20
critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[199] Audiences polled by CinemaSco=
re=20
gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Every demographi=
c=20
surveyed was reported to give this rating. These polls also indicated that =
the=20
main draw of the film was its use of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago=20
Sun-Times called the film "extraordinary" and gave it four stars out of fou=
r.=20
"Watching Avatar, I felt sort of the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977,"=
 he=20
said, adding that like Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship =
of=20
the Ring, the film "employs a new generation of special effects" and it "is=
 not=20
simply a sensational entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical=
=20
breakthrough. It has a flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Sco=
tt=20
of At The Movies also compared his viewing of the film to the first time he=
=20
viewed Star Wars and he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvio=
us,"=20
it was "part of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety prai=
sed=20
the film, saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another=
=20
world entirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] =
Kirk=20
Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The=
=20
screen is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust m=
usic=20
than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] P=
eter=20
Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of four star=
=20
rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities of what=
=20
movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[206] Ric=
hard=20
Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vivid and=20
convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of moving=
=20
pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the film has=
=20
"powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious=20
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d=20
its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immersi=
ve =E2=80=93=20
but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character, editing, them=
e, emotional=20
resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with sufficient expertise to make e=
ven the 2-D=20
version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underly=
ing social=20
and political themes attracted attention. Armond White of the New York Pres=
s=20
wrote that Cameron used "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent=
=20
facets of militarism, capitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Mo=
ore=20
of The Christian Post concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and st=
ated=20
"If you can get a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud t=
he=20
defeat of their country in war, then you've got some amazing special=20
effects."[212] Adam Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the=
=20
film, calling its anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the=
=20
American colonists vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs.=
=20
United Fruit".[213] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film=
 is=20
"Cameron's long apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice=
 for=20
a generation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the f=
ilm=20
a "misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and=
=20
Maxim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's=
=20
message for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the=
=20
Bhagavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another =
film=20
that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" become=
s=20
the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips of =
the=20
Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach blot",[21=
8]=20
while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "It [was]=20
impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with the=20
director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an essenti=
al,=20
yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success concerns=
=20
contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transition from the=
=20
world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and audiences ha=
ve=20
cited similarities with other films, literature or media, describing the=20
perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" to outright=
=20
plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movie" as Dance=
s=20
with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been characterized as=
=20
being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native people is impot=
ent=20
without the leadership of a member of the invading white culture.[222][223]=
=20
Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Poul Anderson's 1957=
=20
novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses his mind from orbit =
to=20
control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinema audiences in Russia=
=20
have noted that Avatar has elements in common with the 1960s Noon Universe=
=20
novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set in the 22nd century on=
 a=20
forested world called Pandora with a sentient indigenous species called the=
=20
Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar to the films FernGully: The=
=20
Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and The Last Samurai.[230] NPR's=
=20
Morning Edition has compared the film to a montage of tropes, with one=20
commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing a bunch of film scripts=
 in=20
a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the science fiction story that m=
ost=20
closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula Le Guin's novella The Word for Wo=
rld=20
Is Forest (1972), another epic about a benevolent race of alien beings who=
=20
happily inhabit dense forests while living in harmony with nature until the=
y=20
are attacked and slaughtered by invading human soldiers who believe that th=
e=20
only good gook is a dead gook".[225] The science fiction writer and editor=
=20
Gardner Dozois said that along with the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the=
=20
"mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster's 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sourc=
es=20
saw similarities to the artwork of Roger Dean, which features fantastic ima=
ges=20
of dragons and floating rock formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Camer=
on=20
and Fox, claiming that Pandora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sough=
t=20
damages of $50m.[235] Dean's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood=
=20
Reporter noted that Cameron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236]=
=20
Avatar received compliments from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising=
 it=20
as "the most evocative and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" a=
nd=20
others calling it "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and=20
"brilliant". Noted art director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a=
=20
noted fan of the film.[237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not=
 in=20
my top three James Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you h=
ave=20
any doubt what was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc=20
Besson, Avatar opened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the=
=20
graphic novel series Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically suppo=
rts the=20
scope of its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script=
 in=20
the trash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar num=
ber=20
3 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[24=
0]=20
also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN li=
sted=20
Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all time.=
=20


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 <https://smartpeoplemail.com/>=20


 After the film's release and unusually strong box office performance over =
its=20
first two weeks, it was debated as the one film capable of surpassing Titan=
ic's=20
worldwide gross, and its continued strength perplexed box office analysts.[=
294]=20
Other films in recent years had been cited as contenders for surpassing=20
Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[295] but Avatar was considered the=
=20
first film with a genuine chance to do so, and its numbers being aided by=
=20
higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[294] did not fully explain its succe=
ss=20
to box office analysts. "Most films are considered to be healthy if they ma=
nage=20
anything less than a 50% drop from their first weekend to their second. Dip=
ping=20
just 11% from the first to the third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedia=
n,=20
president of box-office analysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just=20
unprecedented. I had to do a double take. I thought it was a=20
miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second place for the film's worldw=
ide=20
gross, but most were uncertain about it surpassing Titanic because "Today's=
=20
films flame out much faster than they did when Titanic was released."[296]=
=20
Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, believed in the film's chances =
of=20
becoming the highest-grossing film of all time, though he also believed it =
was=20
too early to surmise because it had only played during the holidays. He sai=
d,=20
"While Avatar may beat Titanic's record, it will be tough, and the film is=
=20
unlikely to surpass Titanic in attendance. Ticket prices were about $3 chea=
per=20
in the late 1990s."[296] Cameron said he did not think it was realistic to =
"try=20
to topple Titanic off its perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord=
"=20
and there had been other good films in recent years.[297] He changed his=20
prediction by mid-January. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time,"=
 he=20
said.[298] You've got to compete head on with these other epic works of fan=
tasy=20
and fiction, the Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want=
 a=20
persistent alternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the deta=
il=20
that makes it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. =
Like=20
Pandora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have=
=20
been unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary=
=20
factor, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historic=
ally=20
"the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied to=
=20
2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December so =
that=20
it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic capitaliz=
ed=20
on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross in 1998.[3=
00]=20
Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event. Gray said, "=
At=20
this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going to see Avatar and=
=20
would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the film as a "novelty=
=20
factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinematic event that shou=
ld=20
be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the idea that you can ha=
ve=20
the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower, an analyst at=20
BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the film and=20
international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was earned=20
overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 markets=20
globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russia, wh=
ere=20
Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today" with "mo=
re=20
screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety, films in 3D=
=20
accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2008 and more =
than=20
10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ticket price =E2=80=
=93 an=20
average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=80=93 helped the film.[3=
00]=20
Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the film's success to 3D glasses =
but=20
also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". Not only do some theaters charge up=
 to=20
$18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz" created by the new technology was t=
he=20
possible cause for sold-out screenings.[301] Gray said Avatar having no bas=
is=20
in previously established material makes its performance remarkable and eve=
n=20
more impressive. "The movie might be derivative of many movies in its story=
 and=20
themes," he said, "but it had no direct antecedent like the other top-gross=
ing=20
films: Titanic (historical events), the Star Wars movies (an established fi=
lm=20
franchise), or The Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell=20
..."[300] The Hollywood Reporter estimated that after a combined production=
 and=20
promotion cost of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net p=
rofit of=20
$1.2 billion.
------=_Part_15774430_47041172.1700743934640
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"row row=
-3" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspac=
ing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-=
lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">=
<table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; bor=
der-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bg=
color=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight=
: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-al=
ign: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;=
" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=
=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presenta=
tion" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspac=
e: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Ar=
ial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"cent=
er"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-he=
ight: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-he=
ight: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Principal photography for Avatar began=
 in April 2007 in Los Angeles and Wellington. Cameron described the film as=
 a hybrid with a full live-action shoot in combination with computer-genera=
ted characters and live environments. "Ideally at the end of the day the au=
dience has no idea which they're looking at," Cameron said. The director in=
dicated that he had already worked four months on nonprincipal scenes for t=
he film.[66] The live action was shot with a modified version of the propri=
etary digital 3-D Fusion Camera System, developed by Cameron and Vince Pace=
.[67] In January 2007, Fox had announced that 3-D filming for Avatar would =
be done at 24 frames per second despite Cameron's strong opinion that a 3-D=
 film requires higher frame rate to make strobing less noticeable.[68] Acco=
rding to Cameron, the film is composed of 60% computer-generated elements a=
nd 40% live action, as well as traditional miniatures.[69] Motion-capture p=
hotography lasted 31 days at the Hughes Aircraft stage in Playa Vista in Lo=
s Angeles.[54][70] Live action photography began in October 2007 at Stone S=
treet Studios in Wellington and was scheduled to last 31 days.[71] More tha=
n a thousand people worked on the production.[70] In preparation of the fil=
ming sequences, all of the actors underwent professional training specific =
to their characters such as archery, horseback riding, firearm use, and han=
d-to-hand combat. They received language and dialect training in the Na'vi =
language created for the film.[72] Before shooting the film, Cameron also s=
ent the cast to the Hawaiian tropical rainforests[73] to get a feel for a r=
ainforest setting before shooting on the soundstage.[72] During filming, Ca=
meron made use of his virtual camera system, a new way of directing motion-=
capture filmmaking. The system shows the actors' virtual counterparts in th=
eir digital surroundings in real time, allowing the director to adjust and =
direct scenes just as if shooting live action. According to Cameron, "It's =
like a big, powerful game engine. If I want to fly through space, or change=
 my perspective, I can. I can turn the whole scene into a living miniature =
and go through it on a 50 to 1 scale."[74] Using conventional techniques, t=
he complete virtual world cannot be seen until the motion-capture of the ac=
tors is complete. Cameron said this process does not diminish the value or =
importance of acting. On the contrary, because there is no need for repeate=
d camera and lighting setups, costume fittings and make-up touch-ups, scene=
s do not need to be interrupted repeatedly.[75] Cameron described the syste=
m as a "form of pure creation where if you want to move a tree or a mountai=
n or the sky or change the time of day, you have complete control over the =
elements".[76] Cameron gave fellow directors Steven Spielberg and Peter Jac=
kson a chance to test the new technology.[65] Spielberg said, "I like to th=
ink of it as digital makeup, not augmented animation ... Motion capture bri=
ngs the director back to a kind of intimacy that actors and directors only =
know when they're working in live theater."[75] Spielberg and George Lucas =
were also able to visit the set to watch Cameron direct with the equipment.=
[77] To film the shots where CGI interacts with live action, a unique camer=
a referred to as a "simulcam" was used, a merger of the 3-D fusion camera a=
nd the virtual camera systems. While filming live action in real time with =
the simulcam, the CGI images captured with the virtual camera or designed f=
rom scratch, are superimposed over the live action images as in augmented r=
eality and shown on a small monitor, making it possible for the director to=
 instruct the actors how to relate to the virtual material in the scene.[72=
] Due to Cameron's personal convictions about climate change, he allowed on=
ly plant-based (vegan) food to be served on set. </div></div></td></tr> </t=
able></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D"ro=
w row-4" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cel=
lspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-t=
able-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-size: auto;"><tbody style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"c=
enter" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentatio=
n" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: =
0; background-color: #fff; background-size: auto; color: #000; width: 600px=
; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column c=
olumn-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom:=
 1px; padding-top: 2px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0=
; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table c=
lass=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" c=
ellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso=
-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; t=
ext-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all=
; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">A num=
ber of innovative visual effects techniques were used during production. Ac=
cording to Cameron, work on the film had been delayed since the 1990s to al=
low the techniques to reach the necessary degree of advancement to adequate=
ly portray his vision of the film.[13][14] The director planned to make use=
 of photorealistic computer-generated characters, created using new motion =
capture animation technologies he had been developing in the 14 months lead=
ing up to December 2006.[74] Innovations include a new system for lighting =
massive areas like Pandora's jungle,[80] a motion-capture stage or "volume"=
 six times larger than any previously used, and an improved method of captu=
ring facial expressions, enabling full performance capture. To achieve the =
face capturing, actors wore individually made skull caps fitted with a tiny=
 camera positioned in front of the actors' faces; the information collected=
 about their facial expressions and eyes is then transmitted to computers.[=
81] According to Cameron, the method allows the filmmakers to transfer 100%=
 of the actors' physical performances to their digital counterparts.[82] Be=
sides the performance capture data which were transferred directly to the c=
omputers, numerous reference cameras gave the digital artists multiple angl=
es of each performance.[83] A technically challenging scene was near the en=
d of the film when the computer-generated Neytiri held the live action Jake=
 in human form, and attention was given to the details of the shadows and r=
eflected light between them.[84] The lead visual effects company was Weta D=
igital in Wellington, at one point employing 900 people to work on the film=
.[85] Because of the huge amount of data which needed to be stored, catalog=
ed and available for everybody involved, even on the other side of the worl=
d, a new cloud computing and Digital Asset Management (DAM) system named Ga=
ia was created by Microsoft especially for Avatar, which allowed the crews =
to keep track of and coordinate all stages in the digital processing.[86] T=
o render Avatar, Weta used a 930 m2 (10,000 sq ft) server farm making use o=
f 4,000 Hewlett-Packard servers with 35,000 processor cores with 104 teraby=
tes of RAM and three petabytes of network area storage running Ubuntu Linux=
, Grid Engine cluster manager, and 2 of the animation software and managers=
, Pixar's RenderMan and Pixar's Alfred queue management system.[87][88][89]=
[90] The render farm occupies the 193rd to 197th spots in the TOP500 list o=
f the world's most powerful supercomputers. A new texturing and paint softw=
are system, called Mari, was developed by The Foundry in cooperation with W=
eta.[91][92] Creating the Na'vi characters and the virtual world of Pandora=
 required over a petabyte of digital storage,[93] and each minute of the fi=
nal footage for Avatar occupies 17.28 gigabytes of storage.[94] It would of=
ten take the computer several hours to render a single frame of the film.[9=
5] To help finish preparing the special effects sequences on time, a number=
 of other companies were brought on board, including Industrial Light & Mag=
ic, which worked alongside Weta Digital to create the battle sequences. ILM=
 was responsible for the visual effects for many of the film's specialized =
vehicles and devised a new way to make CGI explosions.[96] Joe Letteri was =
the film's visual effects general supervisor.[97] Music and soundtrack Main=
 article: Avatar: Music from the Motion Picture James Horner =E2=80=93 "Jak=
e Enters His Avatar World" 0:32 listen to a clip from the score of the 2009=
 film Avatar. Problems playing this file? See media help. Composer James Ho=
rner scored the film, his third collaboration with Cameron after Aliens and=
 Titanic.[98] Horner recorded parts of the score with a small chorus singin=
g in the alien language Na'vi in March 2008.[99] He also worked with Wanda =
Bryant, an ethnomusicologist, to create a music culture for the alien race.=
[100] The first scoring sessions were planned to take place in early 2009.[=
101] During production, Horner promised Cameron that he would not work on a=
ny other project except for Avatar and reportedly worked on the score from =
four in the morning until ten at night throughout the process. He stated in=
 an interview, "Avatar has been the most difficult film I have worked on an=
d the biggest job I have undertaken."[102] Horner composed the score as two=
 different scores merged into one. He first created a score that reflected =
the Na'vi way of sound and then combined it with a separate "traditional" s=
core to drive the film.[72] British singer Leona Lewis was chosen to sing t=
he theme song for the film, called "I See You". An accompanying music video=
, directed by Jake Nava, premiered December 15, 2009, on MySpace. </div></d=
iv></td></tr></table><table class=3D"text_block block-2" width=3D"100%" bor=
der=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; word-=
break: break-word;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad"=
 style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 7px; padding-left: 2px; p=
adding-right: 2px; padding-top: 2px;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;=
 font-family: Tahoma,Verdana,sans-serif;"><div class style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; font-size: 12px; font-family: Roboto,Tahoma,Verdana,Segoe,sans-s=
erif; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px; color: #7da496; line-heigh=
t: 1.2;"><p style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit; margin: =
0; text-align: center; mso-line-height-alt: 14.399999999999999px;">At times=
, our affiliate partners reach out to the Editors at&nbsp;<strong style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box;">Smart People Mail</strong>&nbsp;with special oppor=
tunities for our readers. The message below is one we think you should take=
 a close, serious look at.</p></div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D=
"divider_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-tab=
le-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><=
td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; padding-bottom: 5px; padd=
ing-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 5px;"><div class=3D"alignme=
nt" align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table border=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><=
tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"divider_inner" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1px; line-height: 1px; border-top: 1px so=
lid #000;"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;">&#8202;</span></td></tr>=
</table></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody=
></table><table class=3D"row row-5" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=
=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presen=
tation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rsp=
ace: 0; background-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px=
; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizin=
g: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column c=
olumn-1" width=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; vertical-align:=
 top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" al=
ign=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"10=
0%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"=
><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,H=
elvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><=
div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height:=
 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height:=
 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Avatar is primarily an action-adventure jou=
rney of self-discovery, in the context of imperialism, and deep ecology.[10=
4] Cameron said his inspiration was "every single science fiction book I re=
ad as a kid" and that he wanted to update the style of Edgar Rice Burroughs=
' John Carter series.[11] He acknowledged that Avatar shares themes with th=
e films At Play in the Fields of the Lord, The Emerald Forest, and Princess=
 Mononoke, which feature clashes between cultures and civilizations, and wi=
th Dances with Wolves, where a battered soldier finds himself drawn to the =
culture he was initially fighting against.[105][106] He also cited Hayao Mi=
yazaki's anime films such as Princess Mononoke as an influence on the ecosy=
stem of Pandora.[106] In 2012, Cameron filed a 45-page legal declaration th=
at intended to "describe in great detail the genesis of the ideas, themes, =
storylines, and images that came to be Avatar."[107] In addition to histori=
cal events (such as European colonization of the Americas), his life experi=
ences and several of his unproduced projects, Cameron drew connections betw=
een Avatar and his previous films. He cited his script and concept art for =
Xenogenesis, partially produced as a short film, as being the basis for man=
y of the ideas and visual designs in Avatar. He stated that Avatar's "conce=
pts of a world mind, intelligence within nature, the idea of projecting for=
ce or consciousness using an avatar, colonization of alien planets, greedy =
corporate interests backed up by military force, the story of a seemingly w=
eaker group prevailing over a technologically superior force, and the good =
scientist were all established and recurrent themes" from his earlier films=
 including Aliens, The Abyss, Rambo: First Blood Part II, The Terminator an=
d Terminator 2: Judgment Day. He specifically mentioned the "water tentacle=
" in The Abyss as an example of an "avatar" that "takes on the appearance o=
f...an alien life form...in order to bridge the cultural gap and build trus=
t."[108] Cameron also cited a number of works by other creators as "referen=
ce points and sources of inspiration" for Avatar. These include two of his =
"favorite" films, 2001: A Space Odyssey, where mankind experiences an evolu=
tion after meeting alien life, and Lawrence of Arabia, where "an outsider..=
.encounters and immerses into a foreign culture and then ultimately joins t=
hat group to fight other outsiders." Cameron said he became familiar with t=
he concept of a human operating a "synthetic avatar" inside another world f=
rom George Henry Smith's short story "In the Imagicon" and Arthur C. Clarke=
's novel The City and the Stars. He said he learned of the term "avatar" by=
 reading the cyberpunk novels Neuromancer by William Gibson and Islands in =
the Net by Bruce Sterling. The idea of a "world mind" originated in the nov=
el Solaris by Stanislaw Lem. Cameron mentioned several other films about pe=
ople interacting with "indigenous cultures" as inspiring him, including Dan=
ces with Wolves, The Man Who Would Be King, The Mission, The Emerald Forest=
, Medicine Man, The Jungle Book and FernGully. He also cited as inspiration=
 the John Carter and Tarzan stories by Edgar Rice Burroughs and other adven=
ture stories by Rudyard Kipling and H. Rider Haggard.[108] In a 2007 interv=
iew with Time magazine, Cameron was asked about the meaning of the term Ava=
tar, to which he replied, "It's an incarnation of one of the Hindu gods tak=
ing a flesh form. In this film what that means is that the human technology=
 in the future is capable of injecting a human's intelligence into a remote=
ly located body, a biological body."[10] Cameron also cited the Japanese cy=
berpunk manga and anime Ghost in the Shell, in terms of how humans can remo=
tely control, and transfer their personalities into, alien bodies.[109][110=
] For the love story between characters Jake and Neytiri, Cameron applied a=
 star-crossed love theme, which he said was in the tradition of Romeo and J=
uliet.[108] He acknowledged its similarity to the pairing of Jack and Rose =
from his film Titanic. An interviewer stated, "Both couples come from radic=
ally different cultures that are contemptuous of their relationship and are=
 forced to choose sides between the competing communities."[113] Cameron de=
scribed Neytiri as his "Pocahontas," saying that his plotline followed the =
historical story of a "white outsider [who] falls in love with the chief's =
daughter, who becomes his guide to the tribe and to their special bond with=
 nature."[108] Cameron felt that whether or not the Jake and Neytiri love s=
tory would be perceived as believable partially hinged on the physical attr=
activeness of Neytiri's alien appearance, which was developed by considerin=
g her appeal to the all-male crew of artists.[114] Although Cameron felt Ja=
ke and Neytiri do not fall in love right away, their portrayers (Worthingto=
n and Saldana) felt the characters did. Cameron said the two actors "had a =
great chemistry" during filming.[113] A gray mountain in the middle of a fo=
rest. Pandora's floating "Hallelujah Mountains" were inspired in part by th=
e Chinese Huangshan mountains (pictured).[115] Zhangjiajie National Forest =
Park For the film's floating "Hallelujah Mountains", the designers drew ins=
piration from "many different types of mountains, but mainly the karst lime=
stone formations in China."[116] According to production designer Dylan Col=
e, the fictional floating rocks were inspired by Huangshan (also known as Y=
ellow Mountain), Guilin, Zhangjiajie, among others around the world.[116] C=
ameron had noted the influence of the Chinese peaks on the design of the fl=
oating mountains.[117] To create the interiors of the human mining colony o=
n Pandora, production designers visited the Noble Clyde Boudreaux[118] oil =
platform in the Gulf of Mexico during June 2007. They photographed, measure=
d and filmed every aspect of the platform, which was later replicated on-sc=
reen with photorealistic CGI during post-production. </div></div></td></tr>=
</table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table class=3D=
"row row-6" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; ms=
o-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" ce=
llpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #=
fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D=
"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" width=3D"100%" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; f=
ont-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; b=
order-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"=
left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" bor=
der=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: bo=
rder-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helveti=
ca Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; =
overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; li=
ne-height: 0; margin: 0;">The first photo of the film was released on Augus=
t 14, 2009,[124] and Empire released exclusive images from the film in its =
October issue.[125] Cameron, producer Jon Landau, Zoe Saldana, Stephen Lang=
, and Sigourney Weaver appeared at a panel, moderated by Tom Rothman, at th=
e 2009 San Diego Comic-Con on July 23. Twenty-five minutes of footage was s=
creened[126] in Dolby 3D.[127] Weaver and Cameron appeared at additional pa=
nels to promote the film, speaking on the 23rd[128] and 24th[129][130] resp=
ectively. James Cameron announced at the Comic-Con Avatar Panel that August=
 21 will be 'Avatar Day'. On this day, the trailer was released in all thea=
trical formats. The official game trailer and toy line of the film were als=
o unveiled on this day.[131] The 129-second trailer was released online on =
August 20, 2009.[132] The new 210-second trailer was premiered in theaters =
on October 23, 2009, then soon after premiered online on Yahoo! on October =
29, 2009, to positive reviews.[133][134] An extended version in IMAX 3D rec=
eived overwhelmingly positive reviews.[132] The Hollywood Reporter said tha=
t audience expectations were colored by "the [same] establishment skepticis=
m that preceded Titanic" and suggested the showing reflected the desire for=
 original storytelling.[135] The teaser has been among the most viewed trai=
lers in the history of film marketing, reaching the first place of all trai=
lers viewed on Apple.com with 4 million views.[136] On October 30, to celeb=
rate the opening of the first 3-D cinema in Vietnam, Fox allowed Megastar C=
inema to screen exclusive 16 minutes of Avatar to a number of press.[137] T=
he three-and-a-half-minute trailer of the film premiered live on November 1=
, 2009, during a Dallas Cowboys football game at Cowboys Stadium in Arlingt=
on, Texas, on the Diamond Vision screen, one of the world's largest video d=
isplays, and to TV audiences viewing the game on Fox. It is said to be the =
largest live motion picture trailer viewing in history.[138] The Coca-Cola =
Company collaborated with Fox to launch a worldwide marketing campaign to p=
romote the film. The highlight of the campaign was the website AVTR.com. Sp=
ecially marked bottles and cans of Coca-Cola Zero, when held in front of a =
webcam, enabled users to interact with the website's 3-D features using aug=
mented reality (AR) technology.[139] The film was heavily promoted in an ep=
isode of the Fox series Bones in the episode "The Gamer In The Grease" (Sea=
son 5, Episode 9). Avatar star Joel David Moore has a recurring role on the=
 program, and is seen in the episode anxiously awaiting the release of the =
film.[140] A week prior to the American release, Zoe Saldana promoted the f=
ilm on Adult Swim when she was interviewed by an animated Space Ghost.[141]=
 McDonald's had a promotion mentioned in television commercials in Europe c=
alled "Avatarize yourself", which encouraged people to go to the website se=
t up by Oddcast, and use a photograph of themselves to change into a Na'vi.=
[142] Books Avatar: A Confidential Report on the Biological and Social Hist=
ory of Pandora, a 224-page book in the form of a field guide to the film's =
fictional setting of the planet of Pandora, was released by Harper Entertai=
nment on November 24, 2009.[143] It is presented as a compilation of data c=
ollected by the humans about Pandora and the life on it, written by Maria W=
ilhelm and Dirk Mathison. HarperFestival also released Wilhelm's 48-page Ja=
mes Cameron's Avatar: The Reusable Scrapbook for children.[144] The Art of =
Avatar was released on November 30, 2009, by Abrams Books. The book feature=
s detailed production artwork from the film, including production sketches,=
 illustrations by Lisa Fitzpatrick, and film stills. Producer Jon Landau wr=
ote the foreword, Cameron wrote the epilogue, and director Peter Jackson wr=
ote the preface.[145] In October 2010, Abrams Books also released The Makin=
g of Avatar, a 272-page book that detailed the film's production process an=
d contains over 500 color photographs and illustrations.[146] In a 2009 int=
erview, Cameron said that he planned to write a novel version of Avatar aft=
er the film was released.[147] In February 2010, producer Jon Landau stated=
 that Cameron plans a prequel novel for Avatar that will "lead up to tellin=
g the story of the movie, but it would go into much more depth about all th=
e stories that we didn't have time to deal with", saying that "Jim wants to=
 write a novel that is a big, epic story that fills in a lot of things".[14=
8] In August 2013 it was announced that Cameron hired Steven Gould to pen f=
our standalone novels to expand the Avatar universe.[149] ance Post release=
d a special limited edition stamp based on Avatar, coinciding with the film=
's worldwide release. </div></div></td></tr></table><table class=3D"html_bl=
ock block-2" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0=
" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: =
0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D=
"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: cent=
er;" align=3D"center"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 600px;"> <table al=
ign=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; width: 100%;" width=3D"100%"> <tbody style=3D"box-siz=
ing: border-box;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box; direction: ltr; font-size: 0px; padding: 20px 0; text-a=
lign: center;" align=3D"center"> <div class=3D"mj-column-per-100 mj-outlook=
-group-fix" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; text-align: le=
ft; direction: ltr; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 100%=
;"> <table border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box; vertical-align: top;" width=3D"100%" valign=3D"top"> <tbo=
dy style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"=
> <td align=3D"left" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; paddi=
ng: 10px 25px; word-break: break-word;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: =
normal; line-height: 1.5; text-align: left; color: #000000;">Dear Reader,<b=
r style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> =
Bill O=E2=80=99Reilly is at the forefront of <a href=3D"https://links.e.sma=
rtpeoplemail.com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3D65c5f9a=
6e94349ec9abe22b6d47e4bf9&_e=3D6IF4agKvhnSVwgE7m0b47kPnp80bzVO43aKqXEx6wL6z=
jhpsdnm9JkMTEYQwwpASK2V_A-tv4TbUGO9szfGf6FG0ufbTWroAlByin-dgPDjBxLMUuqxFr8d=
QJO1D7URx-Ej19nPfrjoFj5U8yYdPHX4juRcSw091eIMjD8Fv5JuhgBrCIY6aDlWcvbW7HAtEtV=
iufnIEojDA2RapGK0uV6oDA0jjME1eisKOn8JA2x8rsmf_u_pMM0oDtXXQaD_o" style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">an explosive new story=E2=80=A6 A=
GAIN</a><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box;"> <b style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><u style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box;">You won=E2=80=99t see this shocking story anywhere else=E2=80=A6..=
</u></b><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: bord=
er-box;"> His guest today must have made the most outrageous prediction=E2=
=80=A6 for the next 2 years.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And Bill completely lost it and could have ev=
en dismissed him from the interview=E2=80=A6 <br style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Until he remembered who he w=
as talking to=E2=80=A6<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"> His guest is a researcher, futurist, investment ana=
lyst, a New York Times bestselling financial author and former portfolio ma=
nager.<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box;"> He predicted the dot-com collapse... the rise of digital and medica=
l technology=E2=80=A6<br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"> The housing crisis and the 10-year bull market that =
followed=E2=80=A6 <br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"> <div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; wi=
dth: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font=
-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Bruce Banner During hi=
s decades of publication, Banner has been portrayed differently, but common=
 themes persist. Banner, a physicist who earned his Ph.D. in nuclear physic=
s from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), is sarcastic and s=
eemingly very self-assured when he first appears in Incredible Hulk #1, but=
 is also emotionally withdrawn.[4] Banner designed the gamma bomb that caus=
ed his affliction, and the ironic twist of his self-inflicted fate has been=
 one of the most persistent common themes.[9] Arie Kaplan describes the cha=
racter thus: "Robert Bruce Banner lives in a constant state of panic, alway=
s wary that the monster inside him will erupt, and therefore he cannot form=
 meaningful bonds with anyone."[106] As a child, Banner's father Brian ofte=
n got mad and physically abused both Banner and his mother, creating the ps=
ychological complex of fear, anger, and the fear of anger and the destructi=
on it can cause that underlies the character. Banner has been shown to be e=
motionally repressed, but capable of deep love for Betty Ross, and for solv=
ing problems posed to him. Under the writing of Paul Jenkins, Banner was sh=
own to be a capable fugitive, applying deductive reasoning and observation =
to figure out the events transpiring around him. On the occasions that Bann=
er controlled the Hulk's body, he applied principles of physics to problems=
 and challenges and used deductive reasoning. It was shown after his abilit=
y to turn into the Hulk was taken away by the red Hulk that Banner has been=
 extremely versatile as well as cunning when dealing with the many situatio=
ns that followed. When he was briefly separated from the Hulk by Doom, Bann=
er became criminally insane, driven by his desire to regain the power of th=
e Hulk, but once the two recombined he came to accept that he was a better =
person with the Hulk to provide something for him to focus on controlling r=
ather than allowing his intellect to run without restraint against the worl=
d.[107] Hulk The traditional Hulk, often called "Savage Hulk", was original=
ly shown as grey and average in intelligence. He roamed aimlessly and becam=
e annoyed at "puny" humans who took him for a dangerous monster. Shortly af=
ter becoming the Hulk, his transformation continued turning him green, coin=
ciding with him beginning to display primitive speech.[102] By Incredible H=
ulk #4, radiation treatments gave Banner's mind complete control of the Hul=
k's body. While Banner relished his indestructibility and power, he was qui=
ck to anger and more aggressive in his Hulk form. He became known as a hero=
 alongside the Avengers, but his increasing paranoia caused him to leave th=
e group. He was convinced that he would never be trusted.[103] Originally, =
the Hulk was shown as simple-minded and quick to anger.[108] The Hulk gener=
ally divorces his identity from Banner's, decrying Banner as "puny Banner."=
[109] From his earliest stories, the Hulk has been concerned with finding s=
anctuary and quiet.[9] He is often shown to quickly react emotionally to si=
tuations. Grest and Weinberg call Hulk the "dark, primordial side of Banner=
's psyche."[14] Even in the earliest appearances, Hulk spoke in the third p=
erson. Hulk retains a modest intelligence, thinking and talking in full sen=
tences. Lee even gives the Hulk expository dialogue in issue #6, allowing r=
eaders to learn just what capabilities Hulk has, when the Hulk says, "But t=
hese muscles ain't just for show! All I gotta do is spring up and just keep=
 goin'!" In the 1970s, Hulk was shown as more prone to anger and rage, and =
less talkative. Writers played with the nature of his transformations,[110]=
 briefly giving Banner control over the change, and the ability to maintain=
 control of his Hulk form. Artistically and conceptually, the character has=
 become progressively more muscular and powerful in the years since his deb=
ut.[111] Joe Fixit Originally, Stan Lee wanted the Hulk to be grey. Due to =
ink problems, Hulk's color was changed to green. This was later changed in =
the story to indicate that the Grey Hulk and the Savage Hulk are separate d=
issociative identities or entities fighting for control in Bruce's subconsc=
ious. The Grey Hulk incarnation can do the more unscrupulous things that Ba=
nner could not bring himself to do, with many sources comparing the Grey Hu=
lk to the moody teenager that Banner never allowed himself to be. While the=
 grey Hulk still had the-madder-he-gets, the-stronger-he-gets part that is =
similar to the Savage Hulk, it is on a much slower rate. It is said by the =
Leader that the Grey Hulk is stronger on nights of the new moon and weaker =
on nights of the full moon. Originally, the night is when Bruce Banner beca=
me the Grey Hulk and changed back by dawn. In later comics, willpower or st=
ress would have Banner turn into the Grey Hulk.[112] During one storyline w=
here he was placed under a spell to prevent him turning back into Bruce Ban=
ner and publicly presumed dead when he was teleported away from a gamma bom=
b explosion that destroyed an entire town, the grey Hulk adopted a specific=
 name as Joe Fixit, a security expert for Las Vegas casino owner Michael Be=
rengetti, with the grey Hulk often being referred to as Joe after these eve=
nts.[113] Joe Fixit later gained the ability to transform into his version =
of Red Hulk form when in the Below-Place.[114] Merged Hulk Convinced that u=
naided, the Banner, Green Hulk, and Grey Hulk identities would eventually d=
estroy each other, Doc Samson uses hypnosis to merge the three to create a =
new single identity combining Banner's intelligence with the Grey Hulk's an=
d Banner's attitudes and the Green Hulk's body. This new Merged Hulk, Profe=
ssor Hulk, or simply The Professor, considered himself cured and began a ne=
w life, but the merger was not perfect, and the Hulk sometimes still consid=
ered Banner a separate person, and when overcome with rage the Merged Hulk =
would transform back into Banner's human body while still thinking himself =
the Hulk.[105] The Merged Hulk is the largest of the three primary Hulk inc=
arnations. While in a calm emotional state, the Merged Hulk is stronger tha=
n Savage Hulk when he is calm. Unlike the Savage Hulk and the Grey Hulk, Ba=
nner subconsciously installed a type of safeguard within this incarnation. =
The safeguard is that when the Merged Hulk gets angry, he regresses back to=
 Banner with the mind of the Savage Hulk.[115] Doc Green A variation of the=
 Merged Hulk identity takes on the name Doc Green as the result of Extremis=
 fixing Hulk's brain, becoming powerful enough to destroy Tony Stark's mans=
ion with one thunderclap. This form was also known as Omega Hulk.[85] It wa=
s theorized by Doc Green that this form was an earlier incarnation of his p=
ossible future form Maestro.[116] The Devil/Immortal The Devil Hulk or Immo=
rtal Hulk, or simply the Devil or Immortal, is the result of the Hulk needi=
ng a father figure. While the character's physical appearance varies, he is=
 always depicted as having glowing red eyes and reptilian traits.[117] The =
new form of the Devil Hulk is the result of Banner and Hulk having been thr=
ough different deaths and rebirths. This incarnation is articulate, smart, =
and cunning, and does merciless attacks on those who do harm. Unlike the ot=
her Hulk incarnations, the Devil Hulk is content with waiting inside Bruce.=
 If Bruce is injured by sunset, the Devil Hulk will emerge with his transfo=
rmation being limited to night-time.[98] Thanks to the Devil Hulk side and =
Banner working together, the Devil Hulk can maintain his form in sunlight.[=
118] Other identities The Gravage Hulk is the result of Banner using the Ga=
mma Projector on himself which merged his Savage Hulk and Grey Hulk identit=
ies. This form possesses the raw power of the Savage Hulk and the cunning i=
ntellect of the Grey Hulk. While he does not draw on anger to empower him, =
the Gravage Hulk identity draws on dimensional nexus energies to increase h=
is strength.[119] The Dark Hulk identity is the result of Hulk being posses=
sed by Shanzar. This form has black skin and is viciously strong.[120] The =
Guilt Hulk is a malevolent representation of Banner's abusive father, Brian=
 Banner, that manifests itself in Banner's childhood memories.[121] The Gre=
en Scar identity is unleashed on Sakaar and is an enraged version of the Gr=
avage Hulk. In addition, he is an expert in armed combat like the use of sw=
ords and shields. Green Scar is also a capable leader and an expert strateg=
ist.[122] Kluh is a personality of Hulk who is described as the "Hulk's Hul=
k". This form sports a white mohawk, black skin, and red lines on him.[83] =
Titan is a more monstrous and malicious form of Hulk who stands at 30 ft., =
has black skin, rock-like spikes on his shoulders, and possesses the abilit=
y to shoot lasers from his eyes.[123] This personality was born when it was=
 planted in Hulk by D'Spayre. </div> He nailed all of those. <br style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> And along th=
e way he=E2=80=99s even helped Bill make a lot of money. <br style=3D"box-s=
izing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <b style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;">Bill has voluntarily made this extraordinary video pub=
lic so everyone can see it for themselves=E2=80=A6 </b> <br style=3D"box-si=
zing: border-box;"><br style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> Viewer discretion=
 is advised=E2=80=A6 </div> </td> </tr> <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"> <td align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0px; p=
adding: 10px 25px; word-break: break-word;"> <table border=3D"0" cellpaddin=
g=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-collapse:=
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 <tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
; width: 550px;" width=3D"550"> <a href=3D"https://links.e.smartpeoplemail.=
com/u/click?_t=3Df88b7d4fa6b54c30956d854ef81ba1b6&_m=3D65c5f9a6e94349ec9abe=
22b6d47e4bf9&_e=3D6IF4agKvhnSVwgE7m0b47kPnp80bzVO43aKqXEx6wL6zjhpsdnm9JkMTE=
YQwwpASK2V_A-tv4TbUGO9szfGf6FG0ufbTWroAlByin-dgPDj0gKq0Gz46vH-Ei8NaGTtX09lP=
MUsyqgTBW3G4N0Be22Fb--DtxLT7DydX5Jm1tad4syU6yCHoVSzpObJ_nc0j7C_aeGZUjZYocCl=
51pVYb-MWdybusQeMPozU5y57oHlE3KE8TDNbNveqSOjisuZA" target=3D"_blank" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"> <img alt=3D"video fragment" height=3D"auto" s=
rc=3D"https://smartpeoplemail.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/oxb-10.jpg" st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0; display: block; outline: none; te=
xt-decoration: none; height: auto; width: 100%; font-size: 13px;" width=3D"=
550"> </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </di=
v> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></table><tabl=
e class=3D"html_block block-3" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0=
" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-=
box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif=
; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: =
all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">In=
itial screening Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was re=
leased theatrically worldwide from December 16 to 18.[156] The film was ori=
ginally set for release on May 22, 2009, during filming[157] but was pushed=
 back to allow more post-production time (the last shots were delivered in =
November)[80] and give more time for theaters worldwide to install 3D proje=
ctors.[158] Cameron stated that the film's aspect ratio would be 1.78:1 for=
 3D screenings and that a 2.39:1 image would be extracted for 2D screenings=
.[159][160] However, a 3D 2.39:1 extract was approved for use with constant=
-image-height screens (i.e., screens that increase in width to display 2.39=
:1 films).[161] During a 3D preview showing in Germany on December 16, the =
movie's DRM "protection" system malfunctioned, and some copies delivered we=
ren=E2=80=99t watched at all in the theaters. The problems were fixed in ti=
me for the public premiere.[162] Avatar was released in a total of 3,457 th=
eaters in the US, of which 2,032 theaters showed it in 3D. In total, 90% of=
 all advance ticket sales for Avatar were for 3D screenings.[163] Internati=
onally, Avatar opened on a total of 14,604 screens in 106 territories, of w=
hich 3,671 were showing the film in 3D (producing 56% of the first weekend =
gross).[164][165] The film was simultaneously presented in IMAX 3D format, =
opening in 178 theaters in the United States on December 18. The internatio=
nal IMAX release included 58 theaters beginning on December 16, and 25 more=
 theaters were to be added in the coming weeks.[166] The IMAX release was t=
he company's widest to date, a total of 261 theaters worldwide. The previou=
s IMAX record opening was Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, which ope=
ned in 161 IMAX theaters in the US, and about 70 international.[167] 20th C=
entury Fox Korea adapted and later released Avatar in 4D version, which inc=
luded "moving seats, smells of explosives, sprinkling water, laser lights a=
nd wind".[20] Post-original release In July 2010, Cameron confirmed that th=
ere would be an extended theatrical rerelease of the film on August 27, 201=
0, exclusively in 3D theaters and IMAX 3D.[168] Avatar: Special Edition inc=
ludes an additional nine minutes of footage, all of which is CG,[169] inclu=
ding an extension of the sex scene[170] and various other scenes that were =
cut from the original theatrical film.[169] This extended re-release result=
ed in the film's run time approaching the then-current IMAX platter maximum=
 of 170 minutes, thereby leaving less time for the end credits. Cameron sta=
ted that the nine minutes of added scenes cost more than $1 million a minut=
e to produce and finish.[171] During its 12-week re-release, Avatar: Specia=
l Edition grossed an additional $10.74 million in North America and $22.46 =
million overseas for a worldwide total of $33.2 million.[5] The film was la=
ter re-released in China in March 2021, allowing it to surpass Avengers: En=
dgame to become the highest-grossing film of all time.[24] Avatar was re-re=
leased in theaters on September 23, 2022, by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pic=
tures for a limited two week engagement, with the film being remastered in =
4K high-dynamic range, with select scenes at a high frame rate of 48-frames=
-per-second.[172] The reissue was prior to the December 2022 premiere of it=
s sequel, Avatar: The Way of Water.[173] Prior to this, Cameron previously =
teased a re-release of the film back in 2017 when promoting the Dolby Cinem=
a re-release of Titanic, stating that there were plans in the works to rema=
ster the film with Dolby Vision and re-release it in Dolby Cinema. </div></=
div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><=
table class=3D"row row-7" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cell=
padding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: =
border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tbody style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box=
-sizing: border-box;"><table class=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" b=
order=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; backg=
round-color: #fff; border-radius: 0; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 a=
uto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=3D"#fff"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box=
;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"column column-1" widt=
h=3D"100%" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-=
rspace: 0; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 5px; padding=
-top: 5px; vertical-align: top; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bott=
om: 0; border-left: 0;" align=3D"left" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_=
block block-1" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace=
: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=
=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border=
-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: c=
enter;" align=3D"center"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: non=
e; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; overflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0;=
 font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-height: 0; margin: 0;">Home media 20th C=
entury Fox Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and Blu-ray in the U=
S on April 22, 2010,[175] and in the UK on April 26.[176] The US release wa=
s not on a Tuesday as is the norm, but was done to coincide with Earth Day.=
[177] The first DVD and Blu-ray release does not contain any supplemental f=
eatures other than the theatrical film and the disc menu in favor of and to=
 make space for optimal picture and sound. The release also preserves the f=
ilm's native 1.78:1 (16:9) format as Cameron felt that was the best format =
to watch the film.[178] The Blu-ray disc contains DRM (BD+ 5) which some Bl=
u-ray players might not support without a firmware update.[179][180] Avatar=
 set a first-day launch record in the U.S. for Blu-ray sales at 1.5 million=
 units sold, breaking the record previously held by The Dark Knight (600,00=
0 units sold). First-day DVD and Blu-ray sales combined were over four mill=
ion units sold.[181] In its first four days of release, sales of Avatar on =
Blu-ray reached 2.7 million in the United States and Canada =E2=80=93 overt=
aking The Dark Knight to become the best ever selling Blu-ray release in th=
e region.[182][183] The release later broke the Blu-ray sales record in the=
 UK the following week.[184] In its first three weeks of release, the film =
sold a total of 19.7 million DVD and Blu-ray discs combined, a new record f=
or sales in that period.[185] As of July 18, 2012, DVD sales (not including=
 Blu-ray) totaled over 10.5 million units sold with $190,806,055 in revenue=
.[186] Avatar retained its record as the top-selling Blu-ray in the US mark=
et until January 2015, when it was surpassed by Disney's Frozen.[187] The A=
vatar three-disc Extended Collector's Edition on DVD and Blu-ray was releas=
ed on November 16, 2010. Three different versions of the film are present o=
n the discs: the original theatrical cut (162 minutes), the special edition=
 cut (170 minutes), and a collector's extended cut (178 minutes). The DVD s=
et spreads the film across two discs, while the Blu-ray set presents it on =
a single disc.[188] The collector's extended cut contains 8 more minutes of=
 footage, thus making it 16 minutes longer than the original theatrical cut=
. Cameron mentioned, "you can sit down, and in a continuous screening of th=
e film, watch it with the Earth opening". He stated the "Earth opening" is =
an additional 4+1=E2=81=842 minutes of scenes that were in the film for muc=
h of its production but were ultimately cut before the film's theatrical re=
lease.[189] The release also includes an additional 45 minutes of deleted s=
cenes and other extras.[188] Cameron initially stated that Avatar would be =
released in 3D around November 2010, but the studio issued a correction: "3=
-D is in the conceptual stage and Avatar will not be out on 3D Blu-ray in N=
ovember."[190] In May 2010, Fox stated that the 3D version would be release=
d some time in 2011.[185] It was later revealed that Fox had given Panasoni=
c an exclusive license for the 3D Blu-ray version and only with the purchas=
e of a Panasonic 3DTV. The length of Panasonic's exclusivity period is stat=
ed to last until February 2012.[191] On October 2010, Cameron stated that t=
he standalone 3D Blu-ray would be the final version of the film's home rele=
ase and that it was "maybe one, two years out".[192] On Christmas Eve 2010,=
 Avatar had its 3D television world premiere on Sky.[193][194][195] On Augu=
st 13, 2012, Cameron announced on Facebook that Avatar would be released gl=
obally on Blu-ray 3D.[196] The Blu-ray 3D version was finally released on O=
ctober 16, 2012.[197] Reception Critical response On review aggregator Rott=
en Tomatoes, 82% of 319 reviews are positive, and the average rating is 7.4=
/10. The site's consensus reads, "It might be more impressive on a technica=
l level than as a piece of storytelling, but Avatar reaffirms James Cameron=
's singular gift for imaginative, absorbing filmmaking."[198] On Metacritic=
 =E2=80=94 which assigns a weighted mean score =E2=80=94 the film has a sco=
re of 83 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[19=
9] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on=
 an A+ to F scale. Every demographic surveyed was reported to give this rat=
ing. These polls also indicated that the main draw of the film was its use =
of 3D.[200] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film "extraordi=
nary" and gave it four stars out of four. "Watching Avatar, I felt sort of =
the same as when I saw Star Wars in 1977," he said, adding that like Star W=
ars and The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, the film "employ=
s a new generation of special effects" and it "is not simply a sensational =
entertainment, although it is that. It's a technical breakthrough. It has a=
 flat-out Green and anti-war message".[201] A. O. Scott of At The Movies al=
so compared his viewing of the film to the first time he viewed Star Wars a=
nd he said "although the script is a little bit ... obvious," it was "part =
of what made it work".[202][203] Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the film,=
 saying "The King of the World sets his sights on creating another world en=
tirely in Avatar, and it's very much a place worth visiting."[204] Kirk Hon=
eycutt of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review. "The scre=
en is alive with more action and the soundtrack pops with more robust music=
 than any dozen sci-fi shoot-'em-ups you care to mention," he stated.[205] =
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded Avatar a three-and-a-half out of fou=
r star rating and wrote in his print review "It extends the possibilities o=
f what movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams."[2=
06] Richard Corliss of Time magazine thought that the film was "the most vi=
vid and convincing creation of a fantasy world ever seen in the history of =
moving pictures."[207] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times thought the f=
ilm has "powerful" visual accomplishments but "flat dialogue" and "obvious =
characterization".[208] James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film an=
d its story, giving it four out of four stars; he wrote "In 3-D, it's immer=
sive =E2=80=93 but the traditional film elements =E2=80=93 story, character=
, editing, theme, emotional resonance, etc. =E2=80=93 are presented with su=
fficient expertise to make even the 2-D version an engrossing 2+1=E2=81=842=
-hour experience."[209] Avatar's underlying social and political themes att=
racted attention. Armond White of the New York Press wrote that Cameron use=
d "villainous American characters" to "misrepresent facets of militarism, c=
apitalism, and imperialism".[210][211] Russell D. Moore of The Christian Po=
st concluded that "propaganda exists in the film" and stated "If you can ge=
t a theater full of people in Kentucky to stand and applaud the defeat of t=
heir country in war, then you've got some amazing special effects."[212] Ad=
am Cohen of The New York Times was more positive about the film, calling it=
s anti-imperialist message "a 22nd-century version of the American colonist=
s vs. the British, India vs. the Raj, or Latin America vs. United Fruit".[2=
13] Ross Douthat of The New York Times opined that the film is "Cameron's l=
ong apologia for pantheism [...] Hollywood's religion of choice for a gener=
ation now",[214] while Saritha Prabhu of The Tennessean called the film a "=
misportrayal of pantheism and Eastern spirituality in general",[215] and Ma=
xim Osipov of The Hindustan Times, on the contrary, commended the film's me=
ssage for its overall consistency with the teachings of Hinduism in the Bha=
gavad Gita.[216] Annalee Newitz of io9 concluded that Avatar is another fil=
m that has the recurring "fantasy about race" whereby "some white guy" beco=
mes the "most awesome" member of a non-white culture.[217] Michael Phillips=
 of the Chicago Tribune called Avatar "the season's ideological Rorschach b=
lot",[218] while Miranda Devine of The Sydney Morning Herald thought that "=
It [was] impossible to watch Avatar without being banged over the head with=
 the director's ideological hammer."[219] Nidesh Lawtoo believed that an es=
sential, yet less visible social theme that contributed to Avatar's success=
 concerns contemporary fascinations with virtual avatars and "the transitio=
n from the world of reality to that of virtual reality".[220] Critics and a=
udiences have cited similarities with other films, literature or media, des=
cribing the perceived connections in ways ranging from simple "borrowing" t=
o outright plagiarism. Ty Burr of The Boston Globe called it "the same movi=
e" as Dances with Wolves.[221] Like Dances with Wolves, Avatar has been cha=
racterized as being a "white savior" movie, in which a "backwards" native p=
eople is impotent without the leadership of a member of the invading white =
culture.[222][223] Parallels to the concept and use of an avatar are in Pou=
l Anderson's 1957 novelette "Call Me Joe", in which a paralyzed man uses hi=
s mind from orbit to control an artificial body on Jupiter.[224][225] Cinem=
a audiences in Russia have noted that Avatar has elements in common with th=
e 1960s Noon Universe novels by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, which are set =
in the 22nd century on a forested world called Pandora with a sentient indi=
genous species called the Nave.[226] Various reviews have compared Avatar t=
o the films FernGully: The Last Rainforest,[227][228] Pocahontas[229] and T=
he Last Samurai.[230] NPR's Morning Edition has compared the film to a mont=
age of tropes, with one commentator stating that Avatar was made by "mixing=
 a bunch of film scripts in a blender".[231] Gary Westfahl wrote that "the =
science fiction story that most closely resembles Avatar has to be Ursula L=
e Guin's novella The Word for World Is Forest (1972), another epic about a =
benevolent race of alien beings who happily inhabit dense forests while liv=
ing in harmony with nature until they are attacked and slaughtered by invad=
ing human soldiers who believe that the only good gook is a dead gook".[225=
] The science fiction writer and editor Gardner Dozois said that along with=
 the Anderson and Le Guin stories, the "mash-up" included Alan Dean Foster'=
s 1975 novel, Midworld.[232] Some sources saw similarities to the artwork o=
f Roger Dean, which features fantastic images of dragons and floating rock =
formations.[233][234] In 2013, Dean sued Cameron and Fox, claiming that Pan=
dora was inspired by 14 of his images. Dean sought damages of $50m.[235] De=
an's case was dismissed in 2014, and The Hollywood Reporter noted that Came=
ron had won multiple Avatar idea theft cases.[236] Avatar received complime=
nts from filmmakers, with Steven Spielberg praising it as "the most evocati=
ve and amazing science-fiction movie since Star Wars" and others calling it=
 "audacious and awe inspiring", "master class", and "brilliant". Noted art =
director-turned-filmmaker Roger Christian is also a noted fan of the film.[=
237] On the other hand, Duncan Jones said: "It's not in my top three James =
Cameron films. ... [A]t what point in the film did you have any doubt what =
was going to happen next?".[238] For French filmmaker Luc Besson, Avatar op=
ened the doors for him to now create an adaptation of the graphic novel ser=
ies Val=C3=A9rian and Laureline that technologically supports the scope of =
its source material, with Besson even throwing his original script in the t=
rash and redoing it after seeing the film.[239] TIME ranked Avatar number 3=
 in their list of "The 10 Greatest Movies of the Millennium (Thus Far)"[240=
] also earning it a spot on the magazine's All-Time 100 list,[241] and IGN =
listed Avatar as number 22 on their list of the top 25 Sci-Fi movies of all=
 time. </div></div></td></tr> </table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><=
/tbody></table><table class=3D"row row-8" align=3D"center" width=3D"100%" b=
order=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; backg=
round-size: auto;"><tbody style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box;"><td style=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><table class=
=3D"row-content stack" align=3D"center" border=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cell=
spacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; mso-ta=
ble-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0; background-color: #fff; background-size=
: auto; color: #000; width: 600px; margin: 0 auto;" width=3D"600" bgcolor=
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eft" valign=3D"top"><table class=3D"html_block block-1" width=3D"100%" bord=
er=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" role=3D"presentation" style=3D=
"box-sizing: border-box; mso-table-lspace: 0; mso-table-rspace: 0;"><tr sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box;"><td class=3D"pad" style=3D"box-sizing: borde=
r-box;"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial,Helvetica =
Neue,Helvetica,sans-serif; text-align: center;" align=3D"center"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; display: none; width: 0px; max-height: 0px; ove=
rflow: hidden; mso-hide: all; height: 0; font-size: 0; max-height: 0; line-=
height: 0; margin: 0;"> After the film's release and unusually strong box o=
ffice performance over its first two weeks, it was debated as the one film =
capable of surpassing Titanic's worldwide gross, and its continued strength=
 perplexed box office analysts.[294] Other films in recent years had been c=
ited as contenders for surpassing Titanic, such as 2008's The Dark Knight,[=
295] but Avatar was considered the first film with a genuine chance to do s=
o, and its numbers being aided by higher ticket prices for 3D screenings[29=
4] did not fully explain its success to box office analysts. "Most films ar=
e considered to be healthy if they manage anything less than a 50% drop fro=
m their first weekend to their second. Dipping just 11% from the first to t=
he third is unheard of," said Paul Dergarabedian, president of box-office a=
nalysis for Hollywood.com. "This is just unprecedented. I had to do a doubl=
e take. I thought it was a miscalculation."[296] Analysts predicted second =
place for the film's worldwide gross, but most were uncertain about it surp=
assing Titanic because "Today's films flame out much faster than they did w=
hen Titanic was released."[296] Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo,=
 believed in the film's chances of becoming the highest-grossing film of al=
l time, though he also believed it was too early to surmise because it had =
only played during the holidays. He said, "While Avatar may beat Titanic's =
record, it will be tough, and the film is unlikely to surpass Titanic in at=
tendance. Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s."[296] Came=
ron said he did not think it was realistic to "try to topple Titanic off it=
s perch" because it "just struck some kind of chord" and there had been oth=
er good films in recent years.[297] He changed his prediction by mid-Januar=
y. "It's gonna happen. It's just a matter of time," he said.[298] You've go=
t to compete head on with these other epic works of fantasy and fiction, th=
e Tolkiens and the Star Wars and the Star Treks. People want a persistent a=
lternate reality to invest themselves in and they want the detail that make=
s it rich and worth their time. They want to live somewhere else. Like Pand=
ora. James Cameron on the success of Avatar[299] Although analysts have bee=
n unable to agree that Avatar's success is attributable to one primary fact=
or, several explanations have been advanced. First, January is historically=
 "the dumping ground for the year's weakest films", and this also applied t=
o 2010.[300] Cameron himself said he decided to open the film in December s=
o that it would have less competition from then to January.[287] Titanic ca=
pitalized on the same January predictability, and earned most of its gross =
in 1998.[300] Additionally, Avatar established itself as a "must-see" event=
. Gray said, "At this point, people who are going to see Avatar are going t=
o see Avatar and would even if the slate was strong."[300] Marketing the fi=
lm as a "novelty factor" also helped. Fox positioned the film as a cinemati=
c event that should be seen in the theaters. "It's really hard to sell the =
idea that you can have the same experience at home," stated David Mumpower,=
 an analyst at BoxOfficeProphets.com.[300] The "Oscar buzz" surrounding the=
 film and international viewings helped. "Two-thirds of Titanic's haul was =
earned overseas, and Avatar [tracked] similarly ...Avatar opened in 106 mar=
kets globally and was No. 1 in all of them", and the markets "such as Russi=
a, where Titanic saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today"=
 with "more screens and moviegoers" than before.[300] According to Variety,=
 films in 3D accumulated $1.3 billion in 2009, "a threefold increase over 2=
008 and more than 10% of the total 2009 box-office gross". The increased ti=
cket price =E2=80=93 an average of $2 to $3 per ticket in most markets =E2=
=80=93 helped the film.[300] Likewise, Entertainment Weekly attributed the =
film's success to 3D glasses but also to its "astronomic word-of-mouth". No=
t only do some theaters charge up to $18.50 for IMAX tickets, but "the buzz=
" created by the new technology was the possible cause for sold-out screeni=
ngs.[301] Gray said Avatar having no basis in previously established materi=
al makes its performance remarkable and even more impressive. "The movie mi=
ght be derivative of many movies in its story and themes," he said, "but it=
 had no direct antecedent like the other top-grossing films: Titanic (histo=
rical events), the Star Wars movies (an established film franchise), or The=
 Lord of the Rings (literature). It was a tougher sell ..."[300] The Hollyw=
ood Reporter estimated that after a combined production and promotion cost =
of between $387=E2=80=93437 million, the film turned a net profit of $1.2 b=
illion. </div></div></td></tr></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><=
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